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高英活讀本選擇性必修·第一冊

王廣祥主編

選擇性必修·第一冊

主編：王廣祥
本冊主編：楊曉
副主編：李維東 王德昌
編者：卞德龍 王海濤 陳欣紅 宋廷俊馬萍鳳 孫東冉 王瑤 程燕軍

I. ① 高..Ⅱ. ① 王..Ⅲ. ① 英語課－高中－教學參考資料IⅣ. ① G634.413

中國版本圖書館CIP數據核字(2020)第121830號高中英語讀本·選擇性必修第一冊GAOZHONGYINGYU DUBEN XUANZEXINGBIXIU DIYICE王廣祥主編

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版 次2020年7月第1版
印 次2025年3月第6次印刷
開 本210mm×297mm16開
印 張11
字 數242千字
書 號 ISBN 978-7-5488-4493-8
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茶咖

讓閱讀豐盈你的人生

《普通高中英語課程標準》規定：高中學習分必修課程階段和選擇性必修課程階段，這兩個階段的課外視聽活動每周分別不少于30分鐘和40分鐘；課外閱讀量平均每周分別不少于1500詞和2500詞（分別共計4.5萬詞和10萬詞）。但在高考的重壓下，中學生閱讀卻呈現出多種缺失：“缺位”，思想上不重視閱讀；“缺招”，得不到具體有效的指導；“缺品”，閱讀選文品位不高。故我們的編寫宗旨是在彌補這些缺失的同時，讓浮躁的心靈得到些許滋潤，讓禁的情感得到些許釋放，讓繃緊的神經得到些許放松。這才是我們這套叢書的編寫初衷。

洋溢著智慧的文字，可以芬芳我們的人生，鍛鑄我們的品質。在愉悅的閱讀中，可以拜謁精神宮殿，探索為人準則，觸摸情感溫度，欣賞哲理美，點燃智慧的星光。

本系列叢書的每個編寫單位均設置了“名著閱讀”“時文閱讀”“深度閱讀”“主題閱讀”和“休閑閱讀”板塊，根據不同年級學生的認知水平，精心選取閱讀素材，合理控制閱讀難度。叢書題材豐富，話題廣泛，體裁多樣，素材新穎，語言地道，能幫助學生培養學習英語的興趣，擴大詞匯量，進而提高閱讀能力。

閱讀，為我們打開時空大門，讓我們歷練出洞察事物、明辨是非的眼睛；閱讀，為我們打開情感大門，讓我們找回逐漸僵化的愛的能力，找回開始褪色的悲憫與感動的情懷；閱讀還為我們打開理性大門，通過深入淺出地講解哲理，促使我們思考，讓我們在思考中愉悅、共鳴、升華

讓我們走進美文，在閱讀中快樂成長！

主題語境閱讀 人與自我

主題對接教材

主題1 人物事跡

Day 1 時文在線 陳芋汐/全紅嬋壓倒性優勢奪金 1
Day 2 以文化人 學會幫助他人 3
Day 3 國際視野 李子柒與文化傳播 5
Day 4 經典名著 《最后一片葉子》(節選) 7
Day 5 中國元素 中醫針灸治療動物 13
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 15

人教版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 1People of Achievement外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 2Onwards and upwards北師版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit2 Success

主題2 語言表達 18

Day 1 時文在線 語言翻譯的機遇與挑戰 18
Day 2 以文化人 我與漢語的不解之緣 20
Day 3 國際視野 畜牧業的新探索 22
Day 4 經典名著 《我的一生》(節選） 24
Day 5 中國元素 漢語拼音 28
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 30

人教版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 4Body Language外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit l Laugh out loud!譯林版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 2The universal language

主題3 勇攀高峰 33

Day 1 時文在線 女性參與北極科學研究 33
Day 2 以文化人 挑戰探索極限·· 35
Day 3 國際視野 逆襲人生，傳遞溫暖 37
Day 4 經典名著 《你當像鳥，飛往你的山》(節選） 39
Day 5 中國元素 布勞特氏菌有助于人體適應高海拔地區.…·. 45
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 47

外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger

主題語境閱讀 人與社會

題4 展望未來 50

Day 1 時文在線 在月球上種植植物 50
Day 2 以文化人 未來工作會變少嗎？ 52
Day 3 國際視野 軟體護理機器人 54
Day 4 經典名著 《神奇樹屋8：月球之旅》（節選） 56
Day 5 中國元素 中國虛擬人 61
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 63

人教版選擇性必修第一冊： Unit 2Looking into the Future

主題5 創意建筑 67

Day 1 時文在線 環保建筑材料 67
Day 2 以文化人 紐約大都會藝術博物館保安回憶錄 ， 69
Day 3 國際視野 羅馬斗獸場 71
Day 4 經典名著 《巴黎圣母院》節選） 73
Day 5 中國元素 福建土樓 78
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 80

人教版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 3Fascinating Parks外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 4Meeting the muse

主題6 詩歌繪畫 83

Day 1 時文在線 哈寧創作的空白畫框 83
Day 2 以文化人 安妮·弗蘭克的詩 85
Day 3 國際視野 藝術家吉姆·德內文的沙畫 87
Day 4 經典名著 《紅樓夢》(節選） 89
Day 5 中國元素 李白、杜甫“復活”了 94
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用· 96

譯林版選擇性必修第一冊： Unit 3 The art of painting 譯林版選擇性必修第一冊： Unit 4 Exploring poetry

主題7 人際關系· 99

Day 1 時文在線 交往中的觸碰 99
Day 2 以文化人 惡語傷人 101
Day 3 國際視野 戴仿生手套彈鋼琴 103
Day 4 經典名著 《人性的柳鎖》(節選) 105
Day 5 中國元素 大熊貓圓夢返回中國 111
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 113

北師版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 1 Relationships

主題語境閱讀 人與自然

主題8 關注農業 116

Day 1 時文在線 未來可持續村莊 116
Day 2 以文化人 保護家園 118
Day 3 國際視野 學校種植項目應對社區糧食短缺 120
Day 4 經典名著 《貧瘠的春天》(節選) 122
Day 5 中國元素 小麥在中國的歷史 126
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 128

人教版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 5Working the Land譯林版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 1 Food matters

主題9 效法自然 131

Day 1 時文在線 馬達加斯加叢林豬間接保護了猴面包樹：131
Day 2 以文化人 為什么大雁南飛習慣排成V字形隊伍133
Day 3 國際視野 英國田地發現羅馬道路 135
Day 4 經典名著 《瓦爾登湖》(節選) 137
Day 5 中國元素 中國大象最長遷徙記錄 143
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 145

外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 5 Revealing nature

主題10 生態環保 148

Day 1 時文在線 古樹未來生存問題 148
Day 2 以文化人 關注自然環境和生物的完整性 150
Day 3 國際視野 保護非洲野生動物 152
Day 4 經典名著 《老人與海》(節選) 154
Day 5 中國元素 中國首次實現人工合成淀粉 160
Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用 162

高考真題體驗 165

外研版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 6Nurturing nature北師版選擇性必修第一冊：Unit 3 Conservation

主題1 人物事跡

Day1時文在線

陳芋汐/全紅嬋壓倒性優勢奪金

On July 31st,2024,in the final of women's synchronized 10-meter platform diving at the Paris Olympics,Chinese athletes Chen Yuxi and Quan Hongchan performed outstandingly and won the championship with a total score of 359.10.

From the first dive, Chen Yuxi and Quan Hongchan started the “disappearing water splash technique". Their first dive gave them a lead of 7. 20 points over the second-place rivals. Their five dives were very stable. They controlled the water splash effect extremely well. The scores of each dive were 56.40,54.60,80.10,85.44 and 82.56.

Chen Yuxi and Quan Hongchan are the “twin star" pair in the Chinese women's diving platform event. Since their first appearance in an in-team test competition on April ^{20th,2022} ， they have continuously won the championship of the synchronized 10-meter platform in various world competitions such as the World Championships and the World Cup. This championship win also made the Chinese diving team achieve seven consecutive championships in this event at the Olympics.

Chen Yuxi was born in 2005 and Quan Hongchan was born in 2007. Both young athletes won gold medals at the Tokyo Olympics. At that time,Quan Hongchan won the gold medal in the women's 10-meter platform event with a world record-breaking performance, and Chen Yuxi won the women's synchronized 10-meter platform championship with Zhang Jiaqi. In the Paris Olympic cycle, after they paired up as a duo, they have maintained a dominant performance in international competitions.

In the following individual events, Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi will continue to strive and win more honors for the Dream Team.

1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about their performance?

A. Stable.
B. Graceful.
C. With good water splash control.
D. High-scoring.

2. What did Quan Hongchan achieve at the Tokyo Olympics?

A.Won the gold medal in the women's 10-meter platform event.
B.Won the gold medal in the women's synchronized 10-meter platform event.
C.Wonthe silver medal in the women's 10-meter platform event.
D.Won the silver medal in the women's synchronized 10-meter platform event.

3. How have they performed in the Paris Olympic cycle?

A. Poorly. B. Average.
C. Well. D. Terribly.

4. What will they do in the future?

A. Stop competing.
B. Focus on other sports.
C. Keep striving for more honors.
D. Become coaches.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了陳芋汐和全紅嬋在巴黎奧運會跳水女子10米跳臺決賽，獲得冠軍，為中國贏得巴黎奧運會的第七金。

譯文助讀

陳芋汐/全紅嬋壓倒性優勢奪金

2024年7月31日，在巴黎奧運會女子雙人10米跳臺決賽中，中國選手陳芋汐和全紅嬋表現出色，以359.10的總成績獲得冠軍。

從第一次跳水開始，陳芋汐和全紅嬋就開始了“水花消失術”。她們的第一次跳水讓她們領先第二名對手7.20分。她們的五次跳水都很穩定。她們的水花效果控制得非常好。每次跳水的得分分別為56.40、54.60、80.10、85.44和82.56。

陳芋汐和全紅嬋是中國女子跳臺項目中的“雙子星”。自2022年4月20日首次在隊內測試比賽中亮相以來，她們在世界錦標賽和世界杯等各種世界比賽中連續贏得了雙人10米臺冠軍。這一冠軍的獲得也使中國跳水隊在奧運會上連續七次獲得該項目的冠軍。

陳芋汐出生于2005年，全紅嬋出生于2007年。兩位年輕運動員在東京奧運會上贏得了金牌。當時，全紅嬋在女子10米跳臺項目中以打破世界紀錄的表現獲得金牌，陳芋汐與張家齊一起獲得10米臺雙人冠軍。在巴黎奧運會周期中，她們搭檔后，兩人一直保持著在國際賽場的統治級表現。

在接下來的個人項目中，全紅嬋和陳芋汐將繼續努力，為夢之隊贏得更多榮譽。

【答案自查】

1.B細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知,并沒有提及她們的表現很優雅。故選B。
2.A細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Both young athletes won gold medals at theTokyo Olympics. At that time, Quan Hongchan won the gold medal in the women's10-meter platform event with a world record-breaking performance"可知,全紅嬋在東京奧運會上獲得的金牌是女子單人10米跳臺項目。故選A。
3.C細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“In the Paris Olympic cycle..in internationalcompetitions.（在巴黎奧運會周期中，她們搭檔后,兩人一直保持著在國際賽場的統治級表現。)”可知，在巴黎奧運會周期中，她們的表現很好。故選C。
4.C細節理解題。根據最后一段內容可知,將來她們會繼續爭取更多的榮譽。故選C。

Day 2 以文化人

學會幫助他人

I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works,it is simply beautiful.

I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(貓頭鷹）on the ground. When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.

I examined the chick(維鳥） and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.

The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.

Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.

A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.

1. What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1?

C. To look at a baby owl.
D. To cure a young owl.

3. What made the chick calm down?

A. Efforts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his work.
C.Feeling uncertain about his future.
D. Creatures forced out of their homes. A.A new nest. B. Some food.
C. A recording. D. Its parents.

2. Why was the author called to Muttontown?

4.Howwouldthe author feelabout the outcome of the event?

A.To rescue a woman.
B. To take care of a woman. A. It's unexpected. B. It's beautiful.
C. It's humorous. D. It's discouraging.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的窩，幫助它回到父母身邊的故事。

譯文助讀

我在LocustValley的Bailey Arboretum與野生動物志愿者組織合作，這是一個救援和教育組織。試圖幫助受傷、流離失所或生病的動物可能令人心碎；生存從來都不確定。然而，當它起作用時，它是如此美麗。

我接到了一位住在Muttontown的女士的救援電話。她在地上發現了一只小貓頭鷹。當我到達時，我看到了一只2到3周大的貓頭鷹。它已經被放在了一個安全的手提箱里。

我檢查了這只雛鳥，它似乎沒事。如果我能找到巢穴，我也許能把它放回去，但運氣不好。我的下一個工作是建造一個巢穴，并將其固定在樹上。

房主非常樂于助人。發現了一個鐵絲籃子。我把一些松樹枝放進籃子里，使這個巢安全舒適。我把雛鳥放在巢里，它很快就平靜下來了。

現在只缺雛鳥的父母了。我給了房主一份貓頭鷹雛鳥饑餓尖叫的錄音。這些聲音向成年鳥兒宣告雛鳥的存在；它們也可能鼓勵我們的雛鳥開始鳴叫。我盡可能多地給了房主信息，然后回家看看夜晚會帶來什么消息。

這肯定是一個緊張的夜晚，但有時大自然的精神會眷顧我們所有人！房主打電話說，雛鳥的父母對錄音做出了回應。我開車過去，看到巢中的小鳥看起來健康活潑。巢中還有最棒的景色—午餐！雛鳥的父母已經盡到了責任,而且很可能會繼續這樣做。

【答案自查】

1.A細節理解題。根據文章中的“Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures canheartbreaking;survival is never certain.”可知,救助受傷動物是令人心碎的，因為不知道救助的動物能否活下去，也就是為救助動物而花費的努力可能會白費，這是不可避免的。故選A。
2.C細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的“She had found a young owl on the ground.When Iarrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.”可知,有人給作者打電話是因為有只小貓頭鷹掉在地上了，作者趕過去看看情況。文中并沒有說小貓頭鷹受傷了，作者只是過去看情況。故選C。
3.A細節理解題。根據文章第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest,and it quicklycalmed down.”可知,在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就平靜下來,所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹平靜下來的。故選A。
4.B推理判斷題。根據前文描述可知,作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且幫助它找回了它的父母。作者的救助成功了，說明結局是美好的。再結合第一段的“However,when it works,itis simplybeautiful.”可推測，作者感覺很美好。故選B。

Day3 國際視野

李子柒與文化傳播

Hello kids! Do you know Li Ziqi? She is a super popular short video creator. After a long break since July 2021,she made a huge comeback on November 12th,2024 with a video about making a big lacquer work(漆器). And guess what? This video has already been played over 100 million times on Weibo! It's so amazing!

In this video, Li Ziqi explored the traditional art of Chengdu lacquerware deeply. She showed us every step of making a lacquer wardrobe for her grandma, from grinding to coloring. The wardrobe has a golden unicorn pattern on it, which means good luck and long life. It's really beautiful and full of her love for her grandma. But do you know? Making this video was not easy for her. She even had a serious allergy when learning the lacquer art. However,she didn't give up and showed great perseverance. That's really cool,right?

Then she released another two videos. In total,she had posted three videos on her social media platform by 3 pm on November 13th. Her fans are so excited to see her back and making videos again.

During the three years when she didn't update videos, Li Ziqi was also very busy. She visited more than 20 provinces and cities and met over 100 intangible cultural heritage inheritors(非遺傳承人）and cultural workers. She listened to their stories and learned a lot from them. Sometimes, she also helped the villagers. For example, she bought high-quality organic fertilizers for farmers in Inner Mongolia for three years, and she gave advice to a handicraft factory in a village to make their ancient tree persimmon cakes sell well.

Li Ziqi is not only famous in China but also has a large number of fans overseas. She is like a superstar spreading Chinese culture all over the world. Her YouTube channel has gained more than 5 million new fans in the past three years. People from different countries can feel the beauty of Chinese culture through her videos.

Kids,we can learn a lot from Li Ziqi. Her love for life and her perseverance are really inspiring. Let's look forward to more wonderful works from her in the future!

1. When did Li Ziqi post her first video after the break?

A.July 2021.
B.November 12th,2024.
C. November 13th,2024.
D.2015.

2. How many videos did Li Ziqi post in total by 3 pm on November 13th?

A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

3. What did Li Ziqi do during the three years of not updating videos?

A. She only rested at home.
B. She visited many places and met many people.
C. She learned to make lacquerware only.
D. She made videos secretly.

4. Why is Li Ziqi popular overseas?

A.Because she is very beautiful.
B. Because her videos show the beauty of Chinese culture.
C. Because she can speak many languages.
D. Because she makes funny videos.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了知名傳統文化短視頻作者李子柒時隔三年再次回歸，最新作品以中國非物質文化遺產“漆器”為主題，開始了傳播中國文化的旅程,在網絡上引起了轟動。

譯文助讀

Hello,孩子們！你們知道李子柒嗎？她是一位超級受歡迎的短視頻創作者。自2021年7月停更許久后，她于2024年11月12日以一段關于制作漆器作品的視頻重磅回歸。你們猜怎么著？這個視頻在微博上已經被播放超過1億次了！太驚人了！

在這個視頻里，李子柒深入探索了成都漆器工藝。她向我們展示了從打磨到上色,為奶奶制作一個衣柜的每一個步驟。衣柜上有一個金色麒麟圖案，寓意著好運和長壽。它真的很漂亮，充滿了她對奶奶的愛。但是你們知道嗎？制作這個視頻對她來說并不容易。她在學習漆藝的時候甚至有嚴重的過敏反應。然而，她沒有放棄，展現出了極大的毅力。是不是很酷？

然后，她又發布了另外兩個視頻。截至11月13日下午3點，她總共在自己的社交媒體平臺上發布了三個視頻。她的粉絲們看到她回來再次制作視頻都非常興奮。

在她沒有更新視頻的三年里，李子柒也非常忙碌。她走訪了20多個省市，拜訪了100多位非物質文化遺產傳承人和文化工作者。她聽他們講故事，從他們身上學到了很多。有時她還幫助村民。例如，她為內蒙古的農民購買了三年的優質有機肥料，她還為一個村莊的手工藝品廠提供建議，使他們的古樹柿餅暢銷起來。

李子柒不僅在中國出名，在海外也有大量粉絲。她就像一個超級明星，將中國文化傳播到世界各地。在過去三年里，她的YouTube 頻道新增了超過500萬粉絲。不同國家的人可以通過她的視頻感受到中國文化的美。

孩子們，我們可以從李子柒身上學到很多東西。她對生活的熱愛和毅力真的很鼓舞人心。讓我們期待她未來更多精彩的作品吧！

【答案自查】

1.B根據第一段“She made a huge comeback on November 12th,2024"可知,是 2024 年11月12日發布了停更后的第一個視頻，故選B。
2.C根據第三段“she had posted three videos on her social media platform by 3 pm onNovember13th”可知,截至11月13日下午3點，她已經發布了三個視頻。故選C。
3.B 根據第 四段“She visited more than 20 provinces and cities and met over 100 intangiblecultural heritage inheritors and cultural workers.”可知,在這三年里,她走訪了20多個省市,拜訪了100多位非物質文化遺產傳承人和文化工作者。故選B。
4.B根據倒數第二段“People from different countries can feel the beauty of Chinese culturethrough her videos.”可知,不同國家的人可以通過她的視頻感受到中國文化的美,這就是她在海外受歡迎的原因。故選B。

Day 4 經典名著

《最后一片葉子》（節選）

In a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called “places". These “places" make strange angles and curves. One street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and canvas should,in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account!

So,to quaint old Greenwich Village the art people soon came prowling,hunting for north windows and eighteenth-century gables and Dutch attics and low rents. Then they imported some pewter mugs and a chafing dish or two from Sixth Avenue,and became a “colony".

At the top of a squatty,three-storey brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine;the other from California. They had met at the table of an Eighth Street “Delmonico's", and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted.

That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia,stalked about the colony,touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly,smiting his victims by scores,but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown “places".

Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalrous old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, shortbreathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote;and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead,looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy,grey eyebrow.

"She has one chance in—-let us say,ten," he said,as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer.“And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-up on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?"

"She— she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day. "said Sue.

"Paint? —Bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice—a man for instance?"

"A man?" said Sue, with a jew's-harp twang in her voice.“Is a man worth—-but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind. "

"Well,it is the weakness,then,” said the doctor. “I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

carriages in her funeral procesion I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her,instead of one in ten. "

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face towards the window. Sue stopped whistling,thinking she was asleep.

She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.

As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horse show riding trousers and a monocle on the figure of the hero,an Idaho cowboy,she heard a low sound,several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.

Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting—counting backward.

"Twelve," she said, and little later “eleven"; and then “ten", and “nine";and then "eight" and “seven",almost together.

Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare,dreary yard to be seen,and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine,gnarled and decayed at the roots,climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung,almost bare,to the crumbling bricks.

"What is it, dear?"asked Sue.

"Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. “They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now. "

"Five what,dear? Tell your Sudie."

"Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go,too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"

"Oh,I never heard of such nonsense,” complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. “What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey. Why,the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were—let's see exactly what he said—-he said the chances were ten to one! Why,that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now,and let Sudie go back to her drawing,so she can sell the editor man with it,and buy port wine for her sick child,and pork chops for her greedy self. "

"You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy,keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another. No,I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go,too. "

"Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her,“will you promise me to keep your eyes closed,and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by tomorrow. I need the light,or I would draw the shade down. "

"Couldn't you draw in the other room?" asked Johnsy,coldly.

“I'd rather be here by you," said Sue.“Beside,I don't want you to keep looking at those silly ivy leaves. "

"Tell me as soon as you have finished,” said Johnsy,closing her eyes,and lying white and still as fallen statue,"because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything,and go sailing down,down,just like one of those poor,tired leaves."

"Try to sleep," said Sue.“I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move til I come back. "

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp. Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress's robe. He had been always about to paint a masterpiece,but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess,and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one,and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy,and how she feared she would,indeed,light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.

Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming,shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

《最后一片葉子》描寫的是華盛頓貧民窟的兩個年輕的畫家蘇和瓊希同她們的鄰居貝爾曼之間發生的故事。

譯文助讀

華盛頓廣場西面，有一個小區，街道像發了瘋似的，分割成小小的長條，稱為“小巷”。這些“小巷”,相互構成奇特的角度和曲線。一條街自身也會交叉一兩回。有一次一位藝術家發現，這條街有其價值所在。設想一個討債的人,拿著顏料、紙張和畫布的賬單，穿行在這條路上,猛地發覺又回到了原地，欠賬卻分文未收得！

于是，藝術家們便很快到來，進了古雅的格林威治村，四處探聽，尋找朝北的窗戶、十八世紀的山墻、荷蘭的閣樓,以及低廉的房租。然后,他們從第六大街運來一些錫杯，一兩個火鍋，把這個地方變成了“聚居地”。

在一幢矮墩墩的三層磚房頂樓，蘇和瓊希建立了自己的畫室。“瓊希”是喬安娜的昵稱。兩人一個來自緬因州；另一個來自加利福尼亞。她們相遇于第八大街“德爾蒙尼克”飯店的餐桌上，談起藝術、萵苣色拉和燈籠袖衣服，彼此十分投合，于是便共建了畫室。

那是5月。到了11月，一個冷酷無形，醫生稱之為肺炎的生客，大步在“聚居地”行走，冰冷的手指到處碰人。在東邊,這個躁者肆意橫行,受害者成批被擊倒。但在長滿青苔、迷津一般的狹窄“小巷”，他踩踏的腳步卻來得緩慢。

“肺炎先生”并不是一個所謂有騎士風度的老紳士。一個小不點女人,被加利福尼亞西風吹得沒有了血色，并非一個拳頭通紅、氣急敗壞的老家伙的對手。可是瓊希，還是遭到了他的襲擊。她躺在油漆過的鐵床上，幾乎一動不動，透過荷蘭式小窗的玻璃，瞧著鄰家磚房空空的墻壁。

一天早晨，那位忙碌的醫生皺起灰白的粗眉毛，把蘇請到了過道里。

“她還有—就這么說吧，十分之一的機會，”他說，一面把體溫計的水銀甩落下來。“那個機會就在于她還想活下去。大家如果只顧著在殯儀館排隊，一切藥物也就無能為力。你那位小姐堅信自己活不成了。她心里還惦記著什么嗎？”

“她，她希望有一天能畫那不勒斯海灣，”蘇說。

“畫畫？一 胡說！她腦子里有什么值得考慮再三的事嗎，比如說男人？”

“男人？”蘇吹口琴似的哼了一下。“難道男人值得 可是，不，醫生。根本沒有這回事。”

“那么是由于虛弱了，”醫生說。“只要科學所能做到的，我都會盡力去做,用我的努力。但是,病人一旦數起自己葬禮隊伍中的馬車來，我就會把藥物的效率減去百分之五十。但要是你能讓她對今冬大擎袖子的新款式提一個問題，那我可以保證，她有五分之一的機會，而不是十分之一。”

醫生走后，蘇走進畫室，把一條日本餐巾紙哭成了一團紙漿。隨后，她拿著畫板，吹著爵士樂口哨，大搖大擺地走進了瓊希的房間。

瓊希躺著，臉朝窗子,被單下幾乎沒有動靜。蘇以為她睡著了，停了口哨。

她架好畫板，開始給雜志的短篇小說作鋼筆畫插圖。青年藝術家得為雜志的短篇配畫，鋪平通向藝術的道路，而青年作者，為了鋪平通向文學的道路，創作了那些短篇。

蘇正在為故事的主角，愛達荷州牛仔畫一幅素描，在他身上添一條馬展用的漂亮馬褲和一副單片眼鏡。這時，卻聽見了一個低沉的聲音，重復了幾遍。她急忙趕到床邊。

瓊希眼睛睜得很大，瞧著窗外，在數數 一倒數著。

“十二，”她說，一會兒后是“十一”；然后是“十”，接著是“九”;再后是“八”和“七”，那幾乎是連在一起說的。

蘇關切地瞧了瞧窗外。那兒有什么好數的呢？只有空蕩陰凄的院子，以及二十英尺外空空的磚墻。一根很老很老的常春藤,根部生節,已經老朽,往磚墻上爬了一半。秋日的寒氣吹落了藤葉，剩下幾乎光光的殘枝，還緊貼著風化了的磚塊。

“怎么回事，親愛的？”蘇問。

“六，”瓊希說，近乎耳語。“現在落得更快了。三天前差不多還有一百，數起來怪頭疼的，現在可容易了。又掉了一片。現在只剩下五片了。”

“五片什么呀，告訴你的蘇迪。”

“葉子,在常春藤上。最后一片葉子掉下的時候,我也得走了。三天前我就知道了。醫生沒有告訴你嗎？”

“啊，我從來沒有聽見過這樣的胡說，”蘇抱怨著，顯得很不屑。“老常春藤葉子，跟你病好不好有什么關系？你以前很喜歡常春藤，所以才會這樣想，你這個淘氣姑娘。別犯傻。哎呀，今天早上醫生告訴我，你迅速恢復的機會是—聽聽他的確切說法吧—他說機會是十比一呢！那種機會，就跟我們在紐約乘有軌電車，或者路過一座新大樓一樣多。好吧，喝點湯吧，讓蘇迪回去畫畫，賣給編輯，為生病的乖乖買瓶紅酒，再買些豬排，讓她自己解解饞。”

“你不用買酒了，”瓊希說，眼睛仍盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我什么湯都不需要。只剩下四片了。天黑之前，我要看著最后一片葉子掉下來。然后，我也就去了。”

“瓊希，親愛的，”蘇說，朝她彎下身子，“你答應我閉上眼睛，不看窗外，等我干完活好嗎？“明天我得交這些畫。我需要光線，不然，我就把窗簾拉下來了。”

“你不能在隔壁房間畫嗎？”瓊希冷冷地說。

“我寧可待在你身邊，”蘇說。“另外，我不想讓你老盯著那些傻乎乎的藤葉。

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

“你一干完就告訴我，”瓊希說著閉上了眼睛。她臉色蒼白，一動不動地躺著，好似倒地的塑像，“因為我要看著最后一片葉子掉下來。我懶得等，也懶得想了，什么事兒都松手，就像一片可憐厭倦的葉子，直往下飄呀，往下飄。”

“想法兒睡吧，”蘇說。“我得去叫貝爾曼上來做模特兒，畫隱居老礦工。我就走開一會兒，在我回來之前你可別動。”

老貝爾曼是個畫家，住在她們下面的底層。他已經60開外，胡子像米開朗琪羅創作的雕像摩西的那樣，從森林之神般的頭上，沿著小魔鬼似的軀體，彎彎曲曲地垂落下來。在藝術上，貝爾曼一事無成，揮舞畫筆四十年，卻未能靠近藝術女神，連她的裙邊都沒碰到。他一直說是要畫一幅杰作,卻從來沒有動筆。幾年來，除了給商業畫或廣告畫之類偶爾涂上幾筆，什么也沒有創作。他替“聚居地”里雇不起職業模特兒的青年畫家當模特兒，賺點小錢。他喝杜松子酒過量，依舊談論他未來的杰作。至于別的，他還是個兇狠的小老頭，毫不留情地譏笑別人的軟弱。他把自己看作隨時待命的獵犬，專門保護樓上畫室里兩個年輕藝術家。

蘇找到了貝爾曼，渾身杜松子酒氣，待在樓下暗洞洞的窩里。角落里放著一個畫架，畫架上是一塊空白畫布,放置了二十五年，等候杰作的第一根線條落筆。蘇把瓊希的胡思亂想告訴了他，并且擔心,瓊希雖然還攀附在人生邊緣上,但像葉子那么輕,那么脆弱，一旦難以支撐，就會跟葉子一樣飄落下去。

老貝爾曼充血的眼睛顯然在流淚，他大聲呵斥著，對瓊希的愚蠢想法表示不屑，并加以嘲笑。

佳句摘抄

Day5中國元素

中醫針灸治療動物

"I am not crazy,"” says Dr. William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture(針灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time. "If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(獸醫) now practicing “ holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法）andherbal medicine.

Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets.

Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy,“ moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.

Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“ Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well," he says.“I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job."

1.What do some of Farber's co-workers think of him?

A. He's odd. B.He's strict.
C. He's brave. D. He's rude.

2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

A. He was trained in it at university.
B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.

3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C.Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

4. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

A. To prove Farber's point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了獸醫WilliamFarber在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫療應用于動物，并取得了初步成效。

譯文助讀

“我不是瘋子，"WilliamFarber醫生在對一只兔子進行針灸后說道。“我只是走在時代的前面。”如果他顯得有點防備，這可能是因為即使他的一些同事偶爾也會嘲笑他的不尋常方法。但Farber確信他最終會笑到最后。他是現在實踐“整體”醫學的少數但不斷增加的美國獸醫之一—結合傳統的西方治療方法與針灸、脊椎按摩和草藥醫學。

Farber畢業于科羅拉多州立大學，最初是一名更為傳統的獸醫。二十年前,他因嚴重的背痛而開始對替代治療感興趣。他嘗試了放松肌肉的藥物，但效果不佳。然后他嘗試了針灸，這是一種古老的中國療法，驚訝地發現經過兩三次治療后，他的情況有所改善。在獸醫身上有效的方法似乎也適用于他的患者。所以，在學習這些技術幾年后，他開始為寵物提供這些療法。

Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie患有嚴重的心臟病。查理心臟病發作后，Tindale說,她準備讓他安樂死，但Farber 的治療大大緩解了她的狗的痛苦，使她能多活了五個月。PriscillaDewing 報告說，她的馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩調整后“行動更輕松，騎起來更舒適”。

Farber確信，隨著時間的推移，整體醫學的方法會越來越受歡迎，如果過去的情況可以作為參考，他可能是對的：自1982年以來，美國整體獸醫醫學協會的會員從30人增加到超過700人。“有時它的效果之好讓我感到驚訝，”他說。“我會做任何事情來幫助動物。這是我的工作。”

【答案自查】

1.A細節理解題。根據第一段的“If he seems a little defensive,it might be because evensome of his co-workers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods."可知,Farber 的同事們有時會嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認為他很奇怪。故選A。
2.C細節理解題。根據第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinesepractice... So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering themto pets.”可知,Farber 作為患者從針灸中受益,這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。
3.D段落大意題。根據第三段的內容可知,本段主要講述了兩個例子，一個是Farber 通過整體醫學方法幫助了患有嚴重心臟病的狗Charlie,另一個是馬NapPy 在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫學的有效性。故選D。
4.A推理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容可知,Farber 認為綜合療法會越來越受歡迎,隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫協會的會員已經從30個增加到700多個的例子，因此推斷美國整體獸醫協會是為證明Farber的觀點是正確的。故選A。

Day 6 詞句回顧

遷移運用

詞匯采

\* Day 1

1. synchronized adj.同步的
2. outstandingly adv.非常，極其；格外地
3. splash n.落水聲
4. rival n.競爭對手
5. technique n.技巧
6. championship n.錦標賽；冠軍稱號
7. consecutive adj.連續的,不間斷的
8. dominant adj.主宰的，主導的

\* Day 2

1. wildlife n.野生動物
2. heartbreaking adj.令人心碎的
3. rescue v.營救
4.0wl n.貓頭鷹
5.homeowner n.房主
6. recording n.錄音，錄像

\ast Day 3

5. handicraft n.手工藝
6. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

\* Day 4

1. stalk v.追蹤
2. stride U.大步走，闊步行走
3. chivalrous adj.彬彬有禮的
4. mercury n.水銀
5.subtract v.減去
6. curative adj.能治療的，有療效的
7. illustrate v.給（書籍、雜志等）畫
插圖
8. solicitously adv.關切地
9. decay v.(使)腐爛，(使)變化
10. scorn n.輕視，鄙視

\* Day 5

1.acupuncture n.針灸
2.herbal medicine 草藥醫學
3.treatment n.治療
4.indication n.指示，象征
1.comeback n.恢復,復出 5. membership n.會員身份
2. lacquer n.漆 6. additional adj.附加的,額外的
3. unicorn n.獨角獸 7. veterinarian n.獸醫
4. perseverance n.毅力,不屈不撓的精神 8. defensive adj.防御的,百般辯解的

短語串記

1.由calmdown串記“v.+down"的短語（Day2)

break down 分解;故障；崩潰 put down 放下；寫下；貶低 turn down 拒絕;調低(音量、燈光等) let down 辜負;使失望 look down on 看不起；蔑視

2.由putback串記“v.十back”的短語（Day2）

come back 回來；恢復 push back 把······向后推；推回 pay back 償還;報復 fight back 回擊;反攻 give back 歸還;送回

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

多維探究

I.一詞多義

1.honorv.尊敬；給......以榮譽；遵守諾言 n .榮幸；信用；頭銜(Day1)

【自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)We should honor our parents.
(2)I gave him my word and Iintend to honor it.
(3)It's an honor to meet you.

2.advertisev.為·….…-做廣告，登廣告；宣揚,征聘；使變得顯眼(Day2)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1) We decided to advertise our new product.
(2) They advertise jobs in the local paper.
(3) His hard sinewy body advertised his ruthlessness of purpose.

Ⅱ.熟詞生義

1.release［熟義］.釋放,發布；上映［生義］.發泄;解雇；放棄,將（權力、財產等)讓給他人 (Day 3)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)The little boy gently released the bird from the cage.
(2)The manager released him from his duties.
(3）He released his property rights to his son.

2.ache［熟義] n .（身體某部位的）疼痛；（心中的)苦痛,痛苦v.（隱隱地、持續地)疼痛[生義]\boldsymbol{*} 渴望；憐憫(Day4)

[自我檢測寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1) Her head was throbbing and she ached all over.
(2)She still ached for the intimacy and sexual contact of marriage.
(3)It seems to ease all the aches and pains of a hectic and tiring day.

Ⅲ.詞匯變形

1.traditionaladj.傳統的 \rightarrow adv.傳統地 \rightarrow n.傳統

2. safety n .安全 \rightarrow adj.安全的 \rightarrow adv.安全地

3.inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的 \rightarrow vt.鼓舞；激勵 \rightarrow adj.受到鼓舞的

4.survival n .存活，生存→ v.繼續存在 \rightarrow adj.繼續存在的

5.explore \boldsymbol{\upsilon}. 探索；勘探→ n.探測；探究；勘查

6.continue v.繼續 \rightarrow n.連續，持續 \rightarrow adj.持續的

7.appearance n .外表；露面 \rightarrow 0.出現 *^{-} vi.消失

8. competition n .競爭，競賽 \rightarrow .競爭 \rightarrow adj.競爭的；有競爭力的

9.persistentadj.堅持不懈的 \rightarrow n.堅持 \rightarrow v.頑強地堅持，持續存在

10.popularadj.廣受歡迎的 \rightarrow n.受歡迎，流行；普及

難句研讀

1. On July 31st,2024,in the final of women's synchronized 10-meter platform diving at the Paris Olympics,Chinese athletes Chen Yuxi and Quan Hongchan performed outstandingly and won the championship with a total score of 359.10. (Day 1)

[剖析]本句的主語是 ,"Chen Yuxi and Quan Hongchan"為 連 接兩個并列謂語，“On July 31st,2024”“in the final of women's synchronized 10-meter platform diving at the Paris Olympics"分別為 狀語和 狀語,“with a total score of 359.10"為 with 結構作

[翻譯]

2. She told him of Johnsy's fancy,and how she feared she would,indeed,light and fragile as a leaf herself,float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker. (Day 4)

[剖析]indeed詞性為 ,在句中作 。本句包含兩個 ,引導詞分別為和 ；以及一個 ,引導詞為 ;“float away”在第二個賓語從句中作 ;“light and fragile as aleaf herself”為形容詞短語，在句中作[翻譯]

參考答案

【多維探究】

I*1.\:(1)v. 尊敬 (2)v. 遵守諾言 (3)n .榮幸2.（1)為·……·登廣告（2)招聘（3)使變得 顯眼
Ⅱ.1.(1)釋放（2)解雇(3)放棄2.（1)v.（隱隱地、持續地)疼痛 (2)\tau. 渴望 (3)n 痛 苦,疼痛
. 1. traditionally; tradition 2. safe;safely 3. inspire;inspired 4. survive;surviving 5. exploration 6. continuation;continuous 7. appear;disappear 8. compete;competitive 9. persistence;persist 10. popularity

【難句研讀】

1.剖析:Chinese athletes;同位語；and;時間；地點；結果狀語翻譯：2024年7月31日，在巴黎奧運會女子雙人10米跳臺決賽中，中國選手陳芋汐和全纟嬋表現出色，以359.10的總成績獲得冠軍。
2.剖析：副詞；狀語；賓語從句;how;that;時間狀語從句；when;謂語；狀語翻譯：蘇把瓊希的胡思亂想告訴了他，并且擔心，瓊希雖然還攀附在人生邊緣上，但像葉子那么輕，那么脆弱，一旦難以支撐，就會跟葉子一樣飄落下去。

主題2 語言表達

Day 1 時文在線

語言翻譯的機遇與挑戰

Computer scientist Pascale Fung can imagine a bright future in which AI helpers like ChatGPT bridge language barriers. In that world, Indonesian store owners fluent only in local dialects might reach new shoppers by listing their products online in English.

“It can open opportunities," Fung says—then pauses. She's spotted the bias (偏好） in her vision of a more interconnected future: The AI-aided shopping would be one-sided,because few Americans would bother to use AI translation to help research products advertised in Indonesian. Fung, director of the Center for AI Research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, who herself speaks seven languages, sees this bias in her own field. Fung would like to see AI change that, not further strengthen the primary position of English.

Fung is part of a global community of AI researchers testing the language skills of ChatGPT and sounding the alarm about evidence that they are significantly less capable in languages other than English.“One of my biggest concerns is that we're going to exacerbate the bias for English and English speakers,”" says Thien Huu Nguyen,a University of Oregon computer scientist.“People are going to follow the norm (標準） and not think about their own identities or culture. It kills innovation. "

The AI systems are good at translating other languages into English,but they struggle with rewriting English into other languages. Nguyen's study reports that tests on ChatGPT in March showed it performed substantially (基本上） worse at answering factual questions or summarizing complex text in non-English languages and was more likely to fabricate (捏造) information.“This is an English sentence,so there is no way to translate it to Vietnamese," the robot responded inaccurately to one question.

1. What's Fung's attitude to the non-English language skills of ChatGPT?

A.Optimistic. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.

2. What does the underlined word “exacerbate" mean in paragraph 3?

A. Restrict. B. Worsen.
C. Encourage. D. Disturb.

3. What is in line with Nguyen's study regarding ChatGPT?

A. It struggles with turning English to other languages.

B. It performs better in translating into English.
C.It excels in non-English language translation.
D. It tends to invent information in translations.

4. What's the most suitable title for the text?

A. ChatGPT:Exposing Linguistic Bias B.ChatGPT:AI Translation Revolution C. ChatGPT:Bridging Language Barriers D. ChatGPT:Leaving Non-English Out in Al

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了AI系統擅長將其他語言翻譯成英語,但它們在將英語改寫成其他語言時卻很吃力,ChatGPT正在將非英語語言排除在人工智能革命之外。

譯文助讀

計算機科學家馮雁(PascaleFung)能夠想象這樣一個光明的未來：像ChatGPT這樣的人工智能助手可以消除語言障礙。在那樣的世界里,那些只擅長說當地方言的印度尼西亞店主或許可以通過用英語在網上羅列商品信息來吸引新顧客。

“這能帶來機遇,”馮雁(Pascale Fung)說道,隨后停頓了一下。她發現了自己所設想的這個互聯互通程度更高的未來中存在的偏好問題：這種人工智能輔助的購物模式會是單向的，因為很少有美國人會愿意使用人工智能翻譯來幫助研究用印度尼西亞語做廣告的商品。馮雁(PascaleFung)是香港科技大學人工智能研究中心主任，她本人會說七種語言，她在自己所處的領域看到了這種偏好現象。馮雁(PascaleFung)希望看到人工智能能改變這種狀況，而不是進一步強化英語的主導地位。

馮雁(Pascale Fung)是全球人工智能研究群體中的一員，這個群體正在測試ChatGPT的語言能力,并對有證據表明它在非英語語言方面能力明顯較弱這一情況敲響了警鐘。“我最擔心的問題之一就是我們會加劇對英語以及說英語者的偏向，”俄勒岡大學的計算機科學家阮天厚（ThienHuuNguyen)說道，“人們會遵循這種標準，而不去考慮自身的身份或文化。這會扼殺創新。”

人工智能系統很擅長將其他語言翻譯成英語，但在把英語改寫成其他語言方面卻存在困難。阮的研究報告顯示，3月份對ChatGPT進行的測試表明，它在回答非英語語言的事實性問題或總結復雜文本方面表現得相當糟糕，而且更有可能捏造信息。“這是一個英語句子，所以沒辦法把它翻譯成越南語，”這個機器人曾對一個問題作出了不準確的回復。

【答案自查】

1.C推理判斷題。根據文章第二段可知,Fung 發現對互聯未來的設想存偏見:AI 輔助購物片面，因美國人少用AI翻譯研究印尼語產品。Fung 還是全球AI研究者之一，測試ChatGPT語言技能后,警告其非英語能力明顯不足。故推知 Fung 對 ChatGPT非英語翻譯能力持懷疑，選C。
2.B詞義猜測題。第二段“She's spotted...in her own field.”多次提“bias”，表明 AI研究者對非英語AI能力有偏見。ChatGPT語言技能缺陷,Fung 擔心研究將加劇對英語及使用者的偏見，“exacerbate”意為“加劇，惡化”，選B。
3.A推理判斷題。根據第四段“Nguyen's study reports..fabricate information.”可知，Nguyen 研究稱,ChatGPT在非英語事實問答或復雜文本總結方面表現差，更易編造信息，故在將英語轉換成其他語言方面遇困難，選A。
4.D標題歸納題。根據文章第三段“Fung is part...other than English.”以及全文內容可知,Fung 等 AI 研究者測試 ChatGPT后,警告其非英語能力弱。ChatGPT 正將非英語排除于AI革命外,故D項“ChatGPT:將非英語排除在AI之外”為合適標題，選D。

Day 2 以文化人 我與漢語的不解之緣

Language is a bridge of different culture. The more people across the world speak each other's mother language,the better understanding they will develop. I am happy that about 300 million Chinese, almost the size of the entire US population, are learning English. Meanwhile,in the USA,there are many Americans who are studying Chinese. One of my former colleagues was the envy of our group,partly because he spoke many languages well, especially Chinese.

To a certain extent,I became inextricably (密不可分地）bound up with Chinese through my life. I still remember in March 2013 I moved from New York City to Washington D. C. The students there, many of whom had studied Chinese for years, desired to visit China, meet Chinese people and learn more about Chinese culture and history.

While writing a column,I checked online and found that an impressive Chinese language teacher, Christina Stouder, was still working in Washington D. C. Having spent years in China,including teaching in Hunan Province,she not only spoke fluent Chinese but was also skilled in Chinese culture,history and society.

Caitlin Keliher was a student at George Washington University in November 2013 when I met her at “Chinese tea time",a regular Chinese event at the university's Sigur Center for Asian Studies. I loved the gatherings because the professor Edward McCord was a brilliant Chinese history professor, whose knowledge I found was the most fascinating. When I checked out Keliher online on Wednesday, she was working at Harvard China Fund as a pro-gram coordinator （協調者） after finishing her graduate study at Harvard Kennedy School.

Over the years,I have interviewed passionate students of the Chinese language not just in the USA,but also in Spain,France,Portugal,Cuba and Belgium, where I am now based. I feel delighted when young people greet me with nihao (Chinese for hello） in a Carrefour supermarket or the park near my apartment in Brussels.

1. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about?

A.The popularity of learning Chinese.
B. The benefits of learning a foreign language.
C. The number of people learning English.
D. The author's feeling of the former colleague.

2. How did the author develop the text?

A. By listing some relative data.
B. By stating his own real emotion.
C. By showing his own experience.
D. By imagining some potential endings.

3.What do we know about the author?

A. He lives in Washington D. C. now.
B. He can speak several foreign languages.
C. He enjoys knowing more about Chinese.
D.He met Caitlin Keliher in a Chinese university.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A. My Close Connection with Chinese B. My Achievements of Learning Chinese C. My Experience of Researching Chinese D. My Unique Understanding of Chinese

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與中文的不解之緣，告訴我們他對中文的喜愛之情。

譯文助讀

語言是不同文化之間的橋梁。世界上越多的人互相學習對方的母語，他們之間就會增進越多的了解。我很高興大約有3億中國人(幾乎相當于整個美國的人口數量)正在學習英語。同時，在美國，也有許多美國人在學習漢語。我的一位前同事讓我們小組的人都很美慕，部分原因是他能說好多種語言，尤其是漢語。

在某種程度上，我一生都與漢語有著千絲萬縷的聯系。我仍然記得2013年3月我從紐約市搬到華盛頓特區。那里的學生,其中很多人已經學習了多年漢語，渴望訪問中國,結識中國人，更多地了解中國文化和歷史。

在撰寫一篇專欄文章時，我在網上查詢發現一位令人欽佩的漢語教師克里斯蒂娜·斯托德仍在華盛頓特區工作。她在中國生活過多年，包括在湖南省任教，她不僅漢語說得流利，而且對中國文化、歷史和社會都很精通。

2013年11月，凱特琳·凱莉赫還是喬治·華盛頓大學的一名學生，我在該校西古爾亞洲研究中心的常規漢語活動“中國茶話會”上結識了她。我喜歡這些聚會，因為愛德華·麥科德教授是一位出色的中國歷史教授，我覺得他的知識最吸引人。周三我在網上查看凱莉赫的信息時，她在哈佛肯尼迪學院完成研究生學業后，正在哈佛中國基金擔任項目協調員。

多年來，我不僅在美國，還在西班牙、法國、葡萄牙、古巴以及我目前所在的比利時采訪過對漢語充滿熱情的學生。當年輕人在布魯塞爾我家附近的家樂福超市或公園里用“你好”跟我打招呼時，我感到很高興。

【答案自查】

1.B段落大意題。根據第一段第一、二句以及最后一句可知,第一段介紹了學習外語的好處：能更好地了解其他國家，作者提到自己以前的同事因能講多種語言，而深受大家美慕。因此推斷第一段主要介紹了學習外語有很多好處。故選B。
2.C推理判斷題。作者從第二段開始講述自己的經歷,這些經歷都伴隨著中文元素—教中文的老師，學習中文的大學生以及如今生活中年輕人用中文“你好”和作者問好。因此推斷作者通過展示自己的經歷展開文章。故選C。
3.C推理判斷題。根據第二段的“To a certain extent,I became inextricably bound up withChinese through my life.”可知,作者與中文有著不解之緣。根據最后一段可知,每當有人用“你好”和作者問好的時候,他都很高興。由此可知，作者很樂意去更多地了解中文。故選C。
4.A標題歸納題。根據文章第二段第一句及全文內容可知，文章主要講述了作者與中文的不解之緣。所以“My Close Connection with Chinese”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。

Day 3 國際視野

畜牧業的新探索

Using AI,a group of researchers from Dalhousie University have begun the surprisingly complicated work of translating the language of chickens. This groundbreaking study about chicken vocalizations （發聲） could have positive effects on chicken welfare.

Chicken “speech" is actually a lot more complex than one might think—they squawk, cluck,and even purr. And the way they communicate with one another can be affected by their environment,age,and level of domestication (馴化). In addition, according to The Debrief , chickens also communicate via visual cues such as body language and facial expressions.

Luckily,the researchers were able to use new AI technologies to help interpret what chickens are saying. According to The Conversation ,AI can process and analyze huge amounts of audio（音頻 的） data. It can recognize patterns and types of vocalizations. Using this information and an AI technique called Natural Language Processing,the researchers have begun to interpret the emotional states of chickens.

In addition,the researchers also used data from video and thermal imaging （熱成像）, tracking the chickens’ expressions and facial temperatures. This can be used to track how chickens respond to stressors.

Neethirajan,an expert in stock farming (畜牧業）,and the lead researcher of the study, told The Conversation that his team's interest in chicken communication is not just academic. The researchers hope that this could be a turning point in terms of stock farming.

“Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions, leading to healthier and happier chickens. This, in turn, can impact the quality of produce, animal health and overall farm efficiency," he said. Additionally,he advocates for the use of this information to influence animal welfare policies. The more people understand animals,the more likely they are to care about their well-being.

1. The underlined word “welfare” is closest in meaning to

A. social security B. happiness C. communication D. domestication

2. What can we know about chicken “speech"?

A. It is easy to understand.
B. It is similar to other animals'.
C. It follows the same pattern.
D. It is influenced by multiple factors.

3. What role does AI play in the research?

A. It deals with audio data.
B. It tracks chickens’ expressions.
C. It makes chickens speak more.
D. It records chickens temperatures.

4. What would be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Belief in Chicken Intelligence B. AI and the Future of Farming C.The Emotional World of Chickens D. Chicken Language Understood

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了戴爾豪斯大學的一組研究人員利用人工智能開始翻譯雞的語言，以及這項研究對雞的福利可能產生的積極影響。

譯文助讀

來自戴爾豪斯大學的一組研究人員利用人工智能，開啟了翻譯雞的語言這一極為復雜的工作。這項有關雞發聲的開創性研究可能會對雞的福利產生積極影響。

雞的“語言”實際上比人們想象的要復雜得多—它們會咯咯叫、咕咕叫，甚至還會發出呼嚕聲。而且它們彼此交流的方式會受到環境、年齡以及馴化程度的影響。此外，據《每日簡報》報道，雞還會通過肢體語言和面部表情等視覺線索進行交流。

幸運的是,研究人員能夠利用新的人工智能技術來幫助解讀雞在說什么。據《對話》雜志介紹,人工智能可以處理和分析大量的音頻數據，它能夠識別發聲的模式和類型。利用這些信息以及一種名為自然語言處理的人工智能技術,研究人員已經開始解讀雞的情緒狀態了。

此外,研究人員還利用了視頻和熱成像的數據，追蹤雞的表情和面部溫度。這可以用來追蹤雞對壓力源的反應情況。

畜牧業專家、該研究的首席研究員尼蒂拉詹在接受《對話》雜志采訪時表示，他的團隊對雞的交流研究并非僅僅出于學術目的。研究人員希望這能成為畜牧業的一個轉折點。

他說：養殖戶可以利用這些知識來創造更好的飼養條件，讓雞更健康、更快樂。反過來，這也會影響農產品質量、動物健康以及整個農場的生產效率。”此外，他還倡導利用這些信息來影響動物福利政策。人們對動物了解得越多，就越有可能關心它們的福祉。

【答案自查】

1.B詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句和最后一段第一句可推知,農民利用研究雞的語言所得出的知識，可以讓雞生活得更健康、更快樂，這對雞的幸福產生影響。畫線詞welfare 與“happiness(快樂，幸福)”意思接近。故選B項。
2.D細節理解題。根據第二段第一、二句可知,雞的“語言”很復雜，它們之間的交流方式會受到環境、年齡和馴化程度等多種因素的影響。故選D項。
3.A細節理解題。根據第三段前三句可知,人工智能在處理和分析大量的音頻數據,識別發聲的模式和類型方面發揮了作用，即人工智能在處理音頻數據方面發揮了作用。故選A項。
4.D標題歸納題。通讀全文,結合第一段第一句可知，文章主要介紹的是研究人員利用人工智能理解雞的語言，以及這一研究可能帶來的積極影響。故選D項。

Day 4 經典名著

《我的一生》（節選）

The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan,came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March,1887,three months before I was seven years old.

On the afternoon of that eventful day,I stood on the porch, dumb,expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen,so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch,and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.

Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog,when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in,and the great ship,tense and anxious, groped her way towards the shore with plummet and sounding-line,and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line,and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was.“Light! give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul,and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.

I felt approaching footsteps,I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Some one took it,and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me,and,more than all things else,to love me.

The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until afterward. When I had played with it a little while,Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word “d-o-l-1". I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother,I held up my hand and made the letters for “doll". I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed;I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words,among them pin,hat,cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name.

One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan put my big rag doll into my lap also, spelled “d-o-l-1" and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l" applied to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words “m-u-g" and “w-a-t-e-r". Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that *_{m-u-g},*_{~\tiny~1~} is mug and that “w-a-t-e-r” is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair she had dropped the subject for the time,only to renew it at the first opportunity. I became impatient at her repeated attempts and,seizing the new doll,I dashed it upon the floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still, dark world in which I lived there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. I felt my teacher sweep the fragments to one side of the hearth,and I had a sense of satisfaction that the cause of my discomfort was removed. She brought me my hat,and I knew I was going out into the warm sunshine. This thought,if a wordless sensation may be called a thought,made me hop and skip with pleasure.

We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water,first slowly,then rapidly. I stood still,my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten—-a thrill of returning thought;and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that "w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope,joy, set it free! There were barriers still,it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away.

I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name,and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange,new sight that had come to me. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears;for I realized what I had done,and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.

I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were;but I do know that mother,father, sister,teacher were among them—words that were to make the world blossom for me,"like Aaron's rod, with flowers." It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me,and for the first time longed for a new day to come.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

《我的一生》詳細講述了海倫·凱勒因一場疾病失去了視覺和聽覺，但在安妮·莎莉文老師的耐心教育下不僅學會了讀書認字，而且開始獨立地認識世界，并以優秀成績從哈佛大學畢業,最終成長為著名教育家及作家的故事,傳遞了海倫·凱勒樂觀、自強的精神。

■譯文助讀

在我的記憶中，我一生最重要的日子是我的老師安妮·曼斯菲爾德·莎莉文來到我身邊的那一天。每當我想起連接起我前后兩種截然不同生活的那一天時，心中就充滿了驚嘆。那是1887年3月3日，距離我滿七歲還有三個月。

在那個意義重大的日子的午后，我靜靜地站在門廊上，一聲不，滿心期待。從母親的手勢以及屋里人們匆忙地走來走去中，我隱約猜到有不尋常的事即將發生，于是我走到門口，在臺階上等著。午后的陽光穿透門廊上茂密的金銀花，灑在我仰起的臉上。我的手指幾乎是無意識地在那些熟悉的嫩葉和花朵上摩著，它們剛剛綻放，迎接這宜人的南方春日。我不知道未來會有怎樣的奇跡或驚喜在等著我。數周以來，憤怒和痛苦一直折磨著我，在這場激烈的掙扎過后，我陷入了深深的倦怠之中。

你可曾在濃霧彌漫的海上航行過？那時，那茫茫的白色黑暗仿佛將你緊緊包圍，大船緊張而又焦慮，靠著測深錘和測深繩摸索著向岸邊前行,而你則心跳加速，等待著事情發生。在我開始接受教育之前，我就如同那艘船，只是我沒有羅盤，也沒有測深繩，根本無從知曉離港灣還有多遠。“光明！給我光明!"這是我靈魂無聲的吶喊，而就在那一刻，愛的光芒照耀在了我身上。

我感覺到有腳步聲靠近，我伸出手，以為是伸向母親。有人握住了我的手，然后我被緊緊地抱在懷里，她就是來向我揭示萬物的奧秘，而且最重要的是，來給予我愛的人。

老師來后的第二天早晨，她把我領進她的房間,給了我一個布娃娃。這個娃娃是柏金斯盲人學校的盲童們送的，勞拉·布里奇曼給它做了打扮，不過我是后來才知道這些情況的。我玩了一會兒娃娃后，莎莉文小姐慢慢地在我手上拼寫“d-o-l-l(娃娃)”這個詞。我立刻對這種用手指比劃的游戲產生了興趣，并試著模仿。當我終于能正確地拼寫出這些字母時，我因孩子般的快樂和自豪而滿臉通紅。我跑下樓去找母親，舉起手拼寫出“娃娃”這個詞。當時我并不知道自己是在拼寫一個單詞,甚至都不知道有單詞的存在;我只是像猴子學樣般地擺弄著手指。在接下來的日子里，我就這樣懵懵懂懂地學會了拼寫很多單詞，其中有“針”“帽子”“杯子”，還有像“坐”“站”“走”這樣的幾個動詞。但老師和我在一起了好幾個星期，我才明白每樣東西都有它的名稱。

一天，我正在玩我的新娃娃時，莎莉文小姐把我的大破布娃娃也放到我腿上,拼寫“d-ol-l",并試圖讓我明白“d-o-l-1"這個詞適用于兩個娃娃。就在那天早些時候，我們還為“m-u-g(杯子)”和“w-a-t-e-r(水)”這兩個詞起了爭執。莎莉文小姐曾努力讓我記住“m-u-g”就是杯子，“w-a-t-e-r"就是水,但我總是把它們弄混。無奈之下，她暫時放下這個話題，一有機會就又重新提起。她一次次地嘗試讓我分清這兩個詞，我變得不耐煩了，抓起新娃娃就往地上摔。當我感覺到腳下那破碎娃娃的碎片時，心里別提有多痛快了。在我那激烈的情緒爆發之后，既沒有悲傷，也沒有懊悔。我本來就不喜歡那個娃娃。在我生活的那個寂靜、黑暗的世界里，沒有強烈的情感，也沒有溫柔的感覺。我感覺到老師把碎片掃到壁爐邊的一角，我心里還挺滿意，因為讓我不舒服的東西被挪走了。她給我拿來帽子，我知道我要出去，到溫暖的陽光里去了。這個想法(如果這種無言的感覺可以被稱作想法的話)讓我高興得又蹦又跳。

我們沿著小路朝水井房走去，一路上被水井房周圍金銀花的芬芳所吸引。有人正在打水，老師把我的手放在水龍頭下。當清涼的水流過我的一只手時，她在我的另一只手上拼寫“水”這個詞，先是慢慢地寫，然后寫得快些。我靜靜地站著，全神貫注地盯著她手指的動作。突然，我模模糊糊地意識到一種被遺忘了的東西——一種思緒回歸的激動;不知怎的，語言的奧秘就這樣向我展現開來。我當時就明白了“w-a-t-e-r”指的就是那奇妙的、清涼的、正從我的手上流過的東西。這個鮮活的詞喚醒了我的靈魂，給它帶來了光明、希望、歡樂，讓它重獲自由！誠然，仍然還有一些障礙，但這些障礙終有一天會被掃除。

我滿懷渴望學習的心情離開了水井房。每樣東西都有名稱，而每個名稱都會引發新的想法。當我們回到屋里時，我摸到的每一樣東西似乎都因有了生命而微微顫動。那是因為我是用剛剛獲得的這種新奇的眼光來看待一切事物的。一進門，我就想起了我摔壞的那個娃娃。我摸索著走到壁爐邊，撿起那些碎片。我試圖把它們拼起來，但卻白費力氣。接著，我的眼里充滿了淚水，因為我意識到自己做了什么，我生平第一次感到了悔恨和悲傷。

那天我學到了很多新單詞。我不記得它們都是些什么了，但我確實知道“母親”“父親”姐妹”“老師”這些詞就在其中—這些詞會讓我的世界像“亞倫的魔杖”一樣繁花似錦。在那個意義重大的日子結束之時，當我躺在小床里,回味著它帶給我的快樂，生平第一次盼望著新的一天快點到來,那時，恐怕很難找到比我更幸福的孩子了。

佳句摘抄

Day 5中國元素

漢語拼音

Zhou Youguang was the inventor of Pinyin, a spelling system that converts (轉化) Chinese characters into words with the Roman alphabet. The system, adopted by China in 1958,gives readers an important tool to pronounce the Chinese characters that they are unfamiliar with.

While it is not the first system to Romanize Chinese,Pinyin has become the most widely accepted tool to teach a language that has disparate dialects in different parts of China.

Beyond China's borders, Pinyin allows the standardization of Chinese names. For instance,it's a big reason why the name Westerners commonly use for the Chinese capital has shifted from “Peking" to “Beijing". And it's why many other such names have changed dramatically along with it.

And yet Zhou,the man behind one of the most important innovations in the 20{th} century, said he was unwilling to take on the task in the mid-1950s. At the time,he was an economist and only recently returned to China.

"I said I was an amateur and that I couldn't do the job," he told the BBC in 2012, laughing.“But they said,‘It's a new job. Everybody is an amateur. ′ Everybody urged me to change professions. So I did. In 1955, I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems."

The committee led by Zhou spent three years working on its alphabetic system.“Some people made fun of us,joking that it had taken us a long time to deal with just 26 letters," he said in the interview.

Others took the committee's invention very seriously,however. The Chinese government immediately introduced Pinyin in schools. The international community eventually adopted it as the standard Romanization for Chinese writing,as well, with the United Nations doing so in 1986.

Before the invention of Pinyin, 85% of Chinese people could not read. Now,about 95% can read. Pinyin has also played a vital role in determining the ways mobile phones and computers recognize Chinese characters.

1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ disparate ” in paragraph 2?

A. Different. B. Ugly.
C. Standard. D. Understandable.

2. What did Mr. Zhou probably study in university?

A. English. B. Chinese.
C. Computer. D. Economics.

3.What can be learned about Pinyin?

A. It has twenty-six spelling rules.
B. It was introduced in schools in 1955.
C. The United Nations adopted it in 1986.
D. It is the first attempt to Romanize Chinese.

4.Which paragraph mainly focuses on the significance of Pinyin?

A. Paragraph 5. B. Paragraph 6.
C. Paragraph 7. D. Paragraph 8.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。周有光老人在文中回顧了拼音方案出臺前后的一些鮮為人知的細節。

譯文助讀

周有光是拼音的發明者，拼音是一種用羅馬字母拼寫漢字的系統。該系統于1958年被中國采用，為讀者認讀他們不熟悉的漢字提供了重要工具。

雖然拼音不是第一個將漢語羅馬化的系統，但它已成為教授中國各地不同方言語言的最廣為接受的工具。

在國際上，拼音使中文名稱得以標準化。例如，這就是西方人對中國首都的常用稱呼從“Peking”變為“Beijing”的一個重要原因。這也是許多其他類似名稱隨之發生顯著變化的原因。

然而，作為20世紀最重要的創新之一背后的人物，周有光在20世紀50年代中期曾表示不愿承擔這項任務。當時，他是一名經濟學家,且剛回到中國不久。

“我說我是個外行，做不了這項工作，”他在2012年接受BBC采訪時笑著說，但他們說，‘這是項新工作，大家都是外行。”每個人都勸我轉行。所以我就轉了。1955年，我放棄了經濟學，開始研究文字系統。”

周有光領導的委員會花了三年時間研究其字母系統。“有人嘲笑我們，開玩笑說我們花了很長時間才搞定26個字母，”他在采訪中說道。

然而，也有其他人非常重視委員會的這項發明。中國政府立即在學校引入了拼音。國際社會最終也將其作為中文書寫的標準羅馬化方案，聯合國于1986年也采用了拼音。

在拼音發明之前， 85% 的中國人不識字。如今，大約 95% 的人能夠識字。拼音在決定手機和電腦識別漢字的方式方面也發揮了至關重要的作用。

【答案自查】

1.A詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“dialects in different parts of China"及常識可知,不同地 區的方言是不同的。由此可知,畫線詞 disparate 與 different(不同的)意思一致。故選 A。
2. D推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“Everybody urged me to change professions.So I did. In 1955,I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems.”可推知，周有光在大 學里學的很可能是經濟學。故選D。
3.C細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“The international community eventually adopted it as the standard Romanization for Chinese writing,as well, with the United Nations doing so in1986.”可知，聯合國于1986年采用了拼音。故選C。
4.D段落大意題。根據第八段“Before the invention of Pinyin， 85% of Chinese people could not read. Now, about 95% can read. Pinyin has also played a vital role in determining the ways mobile phones and computers recognize Chinese characters.”可知,選項給出的這四段中,只有 第八段講的是發明拼音的意義：提高國民識字率、有利于數字化技術普及。故選 \DeltaD_{\circ}

Day 6 詞句回顧

遷移運用

詞匯采擷

\* Day 1

1. imagine v.想象;設想
2. barrier n.障礙；壁壘
3.fluent adj.流利的;流暢的
4. opportunity n.機會；時機
5. bias n.偏見；偏愛
6. interconnected adj.相互連接的；相互關
聯的
7. primary adj.主要的;初級的
8. capable adj.有能力的；能干的

\* Day 2

1. bridge n.橋；橋梁；紐帶
2. bound adj.必定的；受約束的
3. column n.專欄；圓柱
4. fluent adj.流利的;流暢的
5. gathering n.聚會；集會
6. passionate adj.熱情的；充滿激情的

\* Day 3

2.groundbreakingadj.開創性的
3. interpret v.解釋;理解；口譯
4. emotional adj.情緒的;情感的
5. efficiency n.效率；效能
6. welfare n.福利;幸福

\* Day 4

1. contrast n.對比;差別
2. languor n.倦怠；衰弱
3. tense adj.神經緊張的
4. repeated adj.反復的；再三的
5. consciousness n.意識；知覺
6. repentance n.后悔；悔改

\* Day 5

1. convert u.轉化;轉變
2. adopt v.采用；采納
3. disparate adj.不同的;不相干的
4. innovation n.創新；革新
5. amateur n.業余愛好者；外行

1. complicated adj.復雜的 6. urge .催促；力勸

短語串記

1.由leadto串記“v.十介詞to"的短語（Day3)

respond to 回答；對····作出回應 refer to 談到;參考;查閱get used to 習慣于 stick to 堅持，堅守；遵循contribute to 有助于，促成；為······做貢獻；向······投稿adapt to 適應

2.由 takeon串記“take ^+ 介詞”的短語（Day5)

take off 起飛；脫掉(衣物等)；(事業等)成功 take down寫下;記下;拆除;拿下;病倒take up 開始從事；占據(時間、空間等);拿起;繼續(中斷的事);接受(提議等)take in 吸收;理解;欺騙;收留 take over 接管；接手take out取出；拿出

多維探究

I.一詞多義

1.strugglev.奮斗,努力；艱難地行進 n.斗爭,奮斗;難事(Day 4)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)Learning a foreign language can be a real struggle for some people.
(2) He struggled through the thick snow to get home.
(3) The workers’ struggle for better working conditions lasted for years.

2.adoptv.收養，領養；采用，采取；選定，選舉(某人為候選人或代表)(Day5)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)She was forced to have her baby adopted.
(2)She was adopted as parliamentary candidate for Wood Green.
(3) All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.

Ⅱ.熟詞生義

1.columnn.[熟義］欄，專欄[生義］圓柱狀物；縱隊,縱列(Day2)

自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)A column of soldiers marched down the highway.
(2) The building is supported by massive columns.
(3) While many columns leave a deep impression on me,the column that stands out most is none other than the one where you regularly put articles about foreign cultures.

2.point[熟義] \boldsymbol{v}. 指，指向 n. 要點，重點［生義］n.時刻，關頭(Day3)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)The most important point of his speech is about environmental protection.
(2)She pointed at the book on the table and asked me to pass it to her.
(3) We were at the point of giving up when we finally found a solution.

Ⅲ.詞匯變形

1.urge v.敦促 \rightarrow adj.緊急的，急迫的 \rightarrow n.急迫，緊急

2.fluent adj.流利的;流暢的 \rightarrow n.熟練，流暢 \rightarrow adv.流利地;流暢地

3.capableadj.能干的；能力強的 \rightarrow n.領悟(或理解、辦事)能力;容量,容積;生產量

4.innovationn.革新，創新 \rightarrow adj.新穎的,創新的 \rightarrow .創新

5.impressive adj.令人欽佩的，給人印象深刻的→ n.印象，感想 \rightarrow v.給.....留下深刻印象

6.emotion n .情感 \rightarrow adj.情感上的;情緒上的

7.efficiency n.效率;效能；功效 \rightarrow adv.有效率地，高效能地 \rightarrow adj.高效的

8.conscious adj.有意識的;有知覺的 \rightarrow adv.有意識地；自覺地 \rightarrow adj.不省人事的，失去知覺的

9.adoptv.收養，領養；采用，采取 \rightarrow adj.收養的 \rightarrow n.收養；采用

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

難句研讀

1. Fung, director of the Center for AI Research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , who herself speaks seven languages,sees this bias in her own field. (Day 1) [剖析]此句是主從復合句，主句的謂語動詞是 ，who引導 從句,“director of the Center for AI Research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"是 語。 [翻譯]

2. Having spent years in China, including teaching in Hunan Province, she not only spoke fluent Chinese but was also skilled in Chinese culture,history and society. (Day 2) [剖析]“Having spent years in China,including teaching in Hunan Province"是動詞-ing 形式短語作 語，句子的主語是 ,not only...but also 并列 和 [翻譯]

3. Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions,leading to healthier and happier chickens. This,in turn,can impact the quality of produce,animal health and overall farm efficiency. (Day 3)

[剖析]本句子的主體結構是,其中的不定式作 狀語;“leading to healthier and happier chickens”是動
詞-ing 形式短語作 狀語；“inturn”是固定短語，意為
[翻譯]

參考答案

【多維探究】

{I}.1.(1)n. 難事 (2)\tau. 艱難地行進 (3)n. 斗爭，奮斗2.(1)收養(2)選舉(3)采用，采取
Ⅱ.1.(1)縱隊,縱列（2)圓柱狀物(3)欄,專欄 2.\left(1\right)n 要點，重點 (2)v. 指,指向 (3)n .時刻，關頭
Ⅲ. 1. urgent;urgency 2. fluency;fluently 3. capacity 4. innovative;innovate 5. impression;impress 6. emotional 7. efficiently;efficient 8. consciously;unconscious 9. adopted ;adoption

【難句研讀】

1.剖析：sees;定語；同位語翻譯：馮雁是香港科技大學人工智能研究中心主任，她本人會說七種語言，她在自己所處的領域看到了這種偏好現象。
2.剖析:狀;she;spoke;was翻譯：她在中國生活過多年,包括在湖南省任教,她不僅漢語說得流利,而且對中國文化、歷史和社會都很精通。
3.剖析:Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions;目的;結果;反過來,依次翻譯：養殖戶可以利用這些知識來創造更好的飼養條件,生產讓雞更健康、更快樂。反過來，這也會影響農產品質量、動物健康以及整個農場的生產效率。

主題3 勇攀高峰

Day 1 時文在線

女性參與北極科學研究

Ny-Alesund,a small international research team nestled among the snowy mountains and icy valleys of Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean,is one of the northernmost settlements on Earth. During the winter months,it's a chilly,inhospitable place where the sun never rises, leaving the community's low buildings bathed in the inky blue darkness of an unbroken polar night.

Despite the harsh weather,Svalbard is unmistakably warming,and at an alarming ratemore than four times faster than the global average. This has caused unsettling changes to its environment. Dozens of scientists from over 10 countries continue to deepen our understanding about climate change when it's needed more than ever—and many are women.

That's a striking shift, where men have historically lived here and haven't always been particularly inviting. Originally founded as a coal-mining settlement, Ny-Alesund began its change into a research center in the 1960s after a fatal accident brought the end of mining operations. Climate scientist Inger Hanssen-Bauer spent the winter of 1983-84 in Ny-Alesund, working for the Norwegian Polar Institute. She remembers the isolation she felt as the only woman at the station. “I gradually understood that there was communication between the men,in which I was not a part. "

Change, Hanssen-Bauer says, has happened gradually—overdue rise of more women in science and in areas involving immersive fieldwork. Last year,however,for the first time,the three-person team was entirely women. The work atmosphere has improved,she says, noting better food and general hygiene. But at the same time,their jobs have gotten harder as a result of the climate change they are documenting. Rainfall has increased and the snow cover period has shrunk. Diminishing sea ice means Svalbard's polar bears spend more time on land,making the fieldwork more difficult.

1. What do we know about Ny-Alesund?

A. It does research about climate change.
B. No scientists would like to work there.
C. It was located in the southernmost place.
D. The winter months are more inviting than other seasons.

2. How did Inger Hanssen-Bauer feel in 1984?

A. Bitterly disappointed.
B. Quite pleased.
C. Very indifferent.
D. Extremely lonely.

3. What makes the research more challenging?

A. The decrease of rainfall.
B. The shorter duration of snow cover.
C. The lowering of sea level.
D. The declining number of polar bears.

4. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?

A. The tough working conditions.
B. The approaches to making fieldwork easier.
C. The complaints of scientists.
D. The threats caused by climate change.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了新奧爾松(Ny-Alesund)位于斯瓦爾巴群島，曾是煤礦聚居地后來成為研究中心。此地氣候變暖快，女性科研人員挑戰極地工作，參與科研人數增多，雖然工作氛圍有所改善，但氣候變化使實地考察難度增大。

譯文助讀

新奧爾松是一個小型的國際研究小組，坐落在北冰洋斯瓦爾巴群島的雪山和冰冷的山谷之間，是地球上最北端的定居點之一。在冬季的幾個月里，這里寒冷且不適宜居住，太陽從不升起，使得社區里那些低矮的建筑沉浸在不間斷的極夜那墨藍色的黑暗之中。

盡管天氣惡劣，但斯瓦爾巴群島無疑正在變暖，而且速度驚人—比全球平均速度快四倍多。這已經給當地環境造成了令人不安的變化。來自十多個國家的數十名科學家在人們比以往任何時候都更需要了解氣候變化的時候，繼續加深我們對氣候變化的認識——而且其中有許多女性。

這是一個顯著的轉變，歷史上，男性一直生活于此，但他們并不總是特別吸引人。新奧爾松最初是作為一個煤礦聚居地建立起來的，在20世紀60年代，一場致命事故導致采礦作業終止后,它開始轉變為一個研究中心。氣候科學家Inger Hanssen-Bauer 在1983 至1984 年的冬天曾在新奧爾松工作，當時她效力于挪威極地研究所。她還記得自己作為站內唯一的女性所感受到的那種孤立感。“我逐漸明白，男人們之間存在交流，而我卻沒能參與其中。”

Hanssen-Bauer說,變化是逐漸發生的—科學界以及涉及沉浸式實地考察的領域中女性人數早該有所增加。然而，去年，這個三人小組第一次全部由女性組成。她說，工作氛圍有所改善，食物和總體衛生都有所改善。但與此同時，由于他們正在記錄的氣候變化，他們的工作變得更加困難。降雨量增加,積雪期縮短。海冰的減少意味著斯瓦爾巴群島的北極熊在陸地上待的時間更長，這使得實地考察更加困難。

【答案自查】

1.A細節理解題。根據第二段中“Dozens of scientists from over 10 countries continue to deepen our understanding about climate change when it's needed more than ever—and many are women.”可知,Ny-Alesund 的科學家們研究氣候變化。故選A。 2.D細節理解題。根據第三段中“She remembers the isolation she felt as the only woman at the station.‘I gradually understood that there was communication between the men,in which I was not a part."”可知,作為站內唯一的女性科學家,她感到非常孤獨。故選 D。 3.B細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Rainfall has increased and the snow cover period has shrunk. Diminishing sea ice means Svalbard's polar bears spend more time on land,making the fieldwork more difficult.”可知,導致工作變難的因素有降雨量增加、積雪期縮短以及 地面上活動的北極熊增多。故選B。 4.B推理判斷題。本文最后一段講述了由于氣候變暖給極地工作帶來了一系列挑戰，因此 下一段可能講述科學家們為了進行科學研究采取措施應對這一系列的變化。故選B。

Day 2以文化人

挑戰探索極限

Will Smith jumped into a live volcano and kayaked （劃皮艇） down an Icelandic whitewater river for his latest project. But he wasn't making an action movie. It was personal.

Smith,a Hollywood leading man who admits that he's far from enjoying outdoor activities,has put himself in danger while filming Welcome to Earth ,a Disney original series from National Geographic. He was afraid at that time, but he says “It's really difficult to enjoy things if you're scared. I think the ability to see how beautiful things are is directly connected to your openness to them and fear closes you down. "

Smith says he was once scared of everything and hated water,but he learns to read the rapids (急流） while white-water kayaking,rescues turtles near the Great Barrier Reef and goes 3,000 feet below the sea in a deep-water submarine.

Dr. Albert Lin, an engineer and explorer who has uncovered lost cities previously for National Geographic,was astonished to find that Smith was able to control his fears even in the face of real danger. While diving in the underground lake in Namibia, Smith got into trouble and Lin watched him “dropping at a rate that felt like maybe we wouldn't see him again." But Smith was able to control his mind and deal with the situation.“I respected Will Smith,the actor, before, but now I definitely have grown to truly respect Will Smith,the human being," says Lin.

Produced by famous film-maker Darren Aronofsky,the series carries on the tradition of National Geographic pushing the exploring envelope and employing the latest technology to help us understand our world.“I hope this can help people out there get a sense of how absolutely incredible our planet is," says Lin.

The experts Smith has paired with teach him about speed,smell and sound and the colors out there he might miss. “You can't really want to protect something that you don't understand. And you can't want to protect something that you can't recognize as beautiful," Smith says.

1. What enables you to enjoy beautiful things according to Smith?

A. Spirit of adventure.
B. Ability to find beauty.
C. Respect for nature.
D. Openness to change.

2. What happened to Smith in Namibia?

A. He found a lost city.
B. He nearly lost his life in a lake.
C. He entered a diving competition.
D. He went deep under the sea in a submarine.

3.What can belearned aboutWelcometo Earth from paragraph 5?

A. It explains the origin of our planet.
B. It targets potential explorers.
C. It won important film awards.
D. It applied advanced technology.

4. Where is the text probably from?

A.A guidebook.
B. A book review.
C. A magazine.
D. A diary.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述好萊塢男星威爾·史密斯為拍攝迪士尼與《國家地理》合作的系列節目《歡迎來到地球》，挑戰多項危險戶外活動。

譯文助讀

為了最新的項目，威爾·史密斯跳進了活火山，還在冰島的一條湍急河流中劃皮艇。但他并非在拍攝動作電影。這一切都是出于個人體驗。

史密斯，這位好萊塢一線男星承認自己并不熱衷于戶外活動。在拍攝迪士尼與《國家地理》合作推出的原創系列節目《歡迎來到地球》時，他將自己置身于危險之中。當時他很害怕，但他表示：“如果你心懷恐懼，就很難享受事物。我認為，能否領略事物的美妙，與你對它們的開明程度直接相關，而恐懼會讓你內心封閉。”

史密斯說，他曾經對一切都心懷恐懼，還討厭水。但他在湍急的水流中劃皮艇時學會了觀察急流，在大堡礁附近救助海龜，還乘坐深海潛水艇下潛到海面以下3000英尺處。

阿爾伯特·林博士是一位工程師兼探險家，此前曾為《國家地理》發現過失落的古城。他驚訝地發現，即使面對真正的危險，史密斯也能控制自己的恐懼。在納米比亞的地下湖潛水時，史密斯遇到了麻煩，林看著他“以一種感覺我們可能再也見不到他的速度下沉”。但史密斯能夠鎮定下來，應對這一局面。林說：“以前我敬重威爾·史密斯這位演員，但現在我無疑更加由衷地敬重威爾·史密斯這個人。”

該系列節目由著名電影制作人達倫·阿羅諾夫斯基制作，延續了《國家地理》突破探索極限的傳統，并運用最新技術幫助我們了解這個世界。林說：“我希望這能讓觀眾感受到我們的星球是多么令人驚嘆。”

與史密斯搭檔的專家們教會他關于速度、氣味、聲音的知識，以及那些他可能會錯過的色彩。史密斯說：“對于你不了解的事物，你很難真正想要去保護它。而對于你無法認識到其美麗之處的事物，你也不會想去保護它。”

【答案自查】

1.D細節理解題。根據文章第二段最后兩句可知,恐懼會阻止人享受生活,阻止人們看到美麗的事物，而面對恐懼，接納它們能使人們看到美好事物。故選D。2.B推理判斷題。根據文章第四段第二、三句可知，史密斯在潛水時遇到了危險，在同伴看來，他“以一種再也見不到他的速度下降”，應是幾乎失去生命。故選B。3.D細節理解題。根據文章第五段可知，它運用了最新技術。故選D。4.C推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第一句可知,文章介紹了《歡迎來到地球》這部電影和演員史密斯在其中的經歷，由此可推知，應是來自電影雜志。故選C。

Day 3 國際視野

逆襲人生，傳遞溫暖

Crowded by defenders, Charlie Villanueva leaps towards the basket. One hand lifts the ball high,and for a moment he seems to hang in the air. Then he hammers the ball through the rim. Slam dunk! His career may look like a slam dunk, being a national champion at the University of Connecticut,and setting beginner records with the Toronto Raptors.

However,life wasn't always easy for him. His success is due to more than his ability to play basketball and he owes much of who he is today to a skin disease called alopecia areata, which is not infectious but is caused by an error in the immune system that triggers germfighting cells to attack the body's own hair-growing cells. Charlie was affected at age 10 and lost all his hair by age 12. This made him a target for bullying,leading him to withdraw and hide under caps and hoods.

With the support of his mother, Charlie found refuge in basketball. He channeled his frustrations and stress into motivation,improving his skills to the point where his talent overshadowed his condition. The bullying stopped,and his basketball career took off.

All along the way,Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others. Ever since his first year as a new player, he has served as a spokesperson for the National Alopecia Areata Foundation, and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation, an organization aimed at supporting families with children suffering from alopecia and stopping all forms of bullying. As the son of immigrants from the Dominican Republic, he has even worked towards ending poverty in that country.

Charlie inspires young people to embrace their individuality and have confidence in themselves.“We're all unique in our own ways," he says,encouraging them to remember that with dedication and self-belief,any dream is within reach.

1.Why is Charlie's slam dunk mentioned in paragraph 1?

A. To compare him with other champions.
B. To highlight his skills and achievements.
C. To explain how a slam dunk is performed.
D. To demonstrate a specific moment in a game.

2. What made Charlie avoid his peers?

A.An infectious skin disease. B. His being bullied C. An error in the immune system. D. His average ability to play basketball.

3. Which of the following can best describe Charlie?

A. Humble and responsible.
B. Strong-willed and helpful.
C. Innovative and generous.
D. Good-natured and tolerant.

4. What message does the text convey?

A. Fortune favors the prepared.
B.Actions speak louder than words.
C. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.
D.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了查理·維蘭紐瓦（CharlieVillanueva)雖因斑禿病在童年飽受霸凌，卻在母親支持下借籃球逆襲，不僅成就輝煌籃球生涯，還投身公益幫助同類患者并制止霸凌，他以自身經歷激勵年輕人接納獨特、自信逐夢。

譯文助讀

查理·維蘭紐瓦(CharlieVillanueva)被防守球員團團圍住,他朝著籃筐高高躍起。一只手將球高高舉起，有那么一瞬間，他仿佛懸停在空中。接著，他狠狠將球砸進籃筐。暴扣！他的職業生涯如同扣籃一樣（精彩），在康涅狄格大學（University of Connecticut)時就成為全國冠軍，在多倫多猛龍隊（TorontoRaptors)效力時還創下新秀紀錄。

然而，生活對他來說并非總是一帆風順。他的成功不僅僅歸功于打籃球的能力，很大程度上要歸因于一種名為斑禿的皮膚病。這種病不具傳染性，是由免疫系統紊亂引發的，致使抗擊病菌的細胞攻擊了身體自身的毛發生長細胞。查理10歲時患病，12歲便已掉光所有頭發。這使他成為霸凌的對象，他因此變得孤僻，總是戴著便帽和風帽遮遮掩掩。

在母親的支持下，查理在籃球中找到了慰藉。他將沮喪和壓力轉化為動力，不斷提升球技，以至于他的天賦掩蓋了他的病癥。霸凌行為就此停止,他的籃球生涯也開始騰飛。

一路走來，查理始終致力于幫助他人。從成為新秀球員的第一年起，他就擔任美國斑禿基金會（NationalAlopecia AreataFoundation）的代言人,后來還創立了查理·維蘭紐瓦基金會(Charlie Villanueva Foundation）。這個組織旨在幫助家中有患斑禿孩子的家庭,并制止一切形式的霸凌行為。作為多米尼加共和國移民的兒子，他甚至還為消除多米尼加的貧困而努力。

查理激勵著年輕人接納自己的獨特之處，樹立自信。他說：我們每個人都有自己獨特的一面。”他鼓勵年輕人牢記，只要全身心投入并相信自己，任何夢想都觸手可及。

【答案自查】

1. B推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“One hand lifts the ball high..．being a national champion at the University of Connecticut,and setting beginner records with the Toronto Raptors.”可知，提到他的扣籃是為了突出他的技能和成就。故選B。
2.B細節理解題。由文章第二段最后兩句可知,被霸凌使他避免與同齡人接觸。故選B。
3.B推理判斷題。由文章第三段第二、三句可知,他有堅強的意志。由文章第四段中“Charlie has consistently dedicated himself to helping others... and went on to establish the Charlie Villanueva Foundation.”可知,查理一直致力于幫助他人,這表明他是樂于助人的。因此,堅 強意志和樂于助人最能描述查理。故選B。
4.C推理判斷題。通讀全文,由文章第三段可知,查理雖然遭受了斑禿的困擾,但他憑借堅強 的意志和樂于助人的品質，不僅在籃球上取得了成功，還積極幫助他人。這表明逆境使人更 強大。故選 ~C~_{\circ}

Day4經典名著

《你當像鳥，飛往你的山》（節選）

Audrey asked me to stay. Shawn was too strong, she said,too persuasive, for her to confront him alone. I told her she wasn't alone, she had Mother. Audrey said I didn't understand. No one had believed us after all. If we asked Dad for help,she was sure he'd call us both liars. I told her our parents had changed and we should trust them. Then I boarded a plane and took myself five thousand miles away.

I didn't stay long on Buck's Peak,maybe a week. On the day I left the mountain,Audrey asked me not to go. I have no memory of the conversation,but I remember writing the journal entry about it. I wrote it my first night back in Cambridge,while sitting on a stone bridge and staring up at King's College Chapel. I remember the river, which was calm; I remember the slow drift of autumn leaves resting on the glassy surface. I remember the scratch of my pen moving across the page, recounting in detail,for a full eight pages, precisely what my sister had said. But the memory of her saying it is gone:it is as if I wrote in order to forget.

If I felt guilty to be documenting my sister's fears from such a safe distance, surrounded by grand libraries and ancient chapels,I gave only one indication of it,in the last line I wrote that night:Cambridge is less beautiful tonight.

But to write what? While reading for my master's thesis, I'd been surprised to discover echoes of Mormon theology in the great philosophers of the nineteenth century. I mentioned this to David Runciman, my supervisor. “That's your project,” he said. “You can do something no one has done:you can examine Mormonism not just as a religious movement,but as an intellectual one. "

The first term passed in a flurry of dinners and late-night parties, punctuated by even later nights in the library. To qualify for a PhD,I had to produce a piece of original academic research. In other words, having spent five years reading history,I was now being asked to write it.

Drew had come with me to Cambridge, having been admitted to a master's program in Middle Eastern studies. I told him about my conversation with Audrey. He was the first boyfriend in whom I confided about my family—-really confided,the truth and not just amusing anecdotes. Of course all that is in the past,I said. My family is different now. But you should know. So you can watch me. In case I do something crazy.

But although I wished it were otherwise,I did not want to go home. I preferred the family I had chosen to the one I had been given,so the happier I became in Cambridge,the more my

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

happiness was made fetid by my feeling that I had betrayed Buck's Peak. That feeling became a physical part of me,something I could taste on my tongue or smell on my own breath.

I began to reread the letters of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young. As a child I'd read those letters as an act of worship;now I read them with different eyes,not the eyes of a critic, but also not the eyes of a disciple. I examined polygamy, not as a doctrine but as a social policy. I measured it against its own aims,as well as against other movements and theories from the same period. It felt like a radical act.

My friends in Cambridge had become a kind of family,and I felt a sense of belonging with them that,for many years,had been absent on Buck's Peak. Sometimes I felt damned for those feelings. No natural sister should love a stranger more than a brother,I thought,and what sort of daughter prefers a teacher to her own father?

I bought a ticket to Idaho for Christmas. The night before my flight,there was a feast in my college. One of my friends had formed a chamber choir that was to sing carols during dinner. The choir had been rehearsing for weeks,but on the day of the feast the soprano fellill with bronchitis. My phone rang late that afternoon. It was my friend.“Please tell me you know someone who can sing," he said.

I had not sung for years,and never without my father to hear me,but a few hours later I joined the chamber choir on a platform near the rafters,above the massive Christmas tree that dominated the hall. I treasured the moment, taking pleasure in the lightness I felt to have music once again floating up from my chest,and wondering whether Dad,if he were here, would have braved the university and all its socialism to hear me sing. I believed he would.

Buck's peak was unchanged. The Princess was buried in snow but I could see the deep contours of her legs. Mother was in the kitchen when I arrived,stirring a stew with one hand and with the other holding the phone and explaining the properties of motherwort. Dad's desk was still empty. He was in the basement, Mother said,in bed. Something had hold of his lungs.

Two days passed. Dad came upstairs every evening and settled himself into a sofa in the Chapel,where he would cough and watch TV or read the Old Testament. I spent my days studying or helping Mother.

A burly stranger shuffled through the back door. Several seconds passed before I recognized my brother. Luke's beard was so thick;he looked like one of his goats. His left eye was white and dead:he'd been shot in the face with a paintball gun a few months before. He crossed the room and clapped me on the back,and I stared into his remaining eye,looking for something familiar. But it wasn't until I saw the raised scar on his forearm,a curved check mark two inches wide from where the Shear had bitten his flesh,that I was sure this man was my brother. He told me he was living with his wife and a pack of kids in a mobile home behind the barn,making his money working oil rigs in North Dakota.

On the third evening I was at the kitchen table, reading, when Shawn and Benjamin shuffled through the back door. Benjamin was telling Shawn about a punch he'd thrown after a fender bender in town. He said that before climbing out of his truck to confront the other driver,he'd slipped his handgun into the waistband of his jeans.“The guy didn't know what he was getting into," Benjamin said,grinning.

"I wasn't gonna use it," Benjamin muttered.

Shawn spoke calmly,thoughtfully. His blond hair was filthy and uncut,growing wild,and his face was covered in stubble the color of shale. His eyes shone from under the oil and dirt, blazes of blue in clouds of ash. His expression,as well as his words, seemed to belong to a much older man,a man whose hot blood had cooled, who was at peace.

"Only an idiot brings a gun into a mess like that," Shawn said.

"Then don't bring it," Shawn said.“Then you know you won't use it. If you bring it you might use it,that's how things are. A fistfight can turn into a gunfight real quick. "

Shawn turned to me. I had been avoiding him,but suddenly that seemed unfair. He had changed;it was cruel to pretend he hadn't. He asked if I'd like to go for a drive,and I said I would. Shawn wanted ice cream so we got a milkshake. The conversation was calm, comfortable,like it had been years before on those dusky evenings in the corral. He told me about running the crew without Dad,about Peter's frail lungs—about the surgeries and the Oxygen tubes he still wore at night.

"Where we going?" I asked,but the road only went one place.

We were nearly home,only a mile from Buck's Peak,when Shawn cranked the wheel and the car skidded on the ice. He accelerated through the spin,the tires caught,and the car leapt onto a side road.

Shawn circled the lot,then parked near the main entrance. He switched off the ignition and the headlights faded. I could barely make out the curve of his face in the dark.

The church was dark,the parking lot deserted.

"You talk much to Audrey?" he said.

"Not really," I said.

I looked away,fixing my eyes on the church spire, visible against the light from the stars.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

《你當像鳥，飛往你的山》是美國作家塔拉·韋斯特弗的一部自傳體回憶錄。該書講述了作者的真實人生經歷。塔拉出生在美國愛達荷州的一個山區家庭，十七歲前從未上過學。然而，她憑借自學和努力，最終考取了楊百翰大學，并獲得文學學士學位。隨后，她獲得蓋茨劍橋獎學金，塔拉獲得了在劍橋大學繼續求學攻讀博士學位的機會，并獲得了哈佛大學訪學獎學金。書中詳細描繪了塔拉如何掙脫原生家庭的傷痕與束縛，通過教育實現自我救贖和解放的過程。她經歷了與家人的沖突、自我覺醒、獨立成長等多個階段,最終找到了屬于自己的天空。

譯文助讀

奧黛麗讓我留下來。她說肖恩太強勢、太能巧言善辯了，她無法獨自面對他。我告訴她，她不是一個人，她還有母親。奧黛麗說我不明白。畢竟，之前根本沒人相信我們。如果我們向爸爸求助，她肯定爸爸會說我們倆在撒謊。我告訴她，我們的父母已經變了，我們應該信任他們。然后我登上飛機，飛到了五千英里之外的地方。

我在巴克峰沒待多久，大概一周。離開大山那天，奧黛麗求我別走。我不記得我們的對話了，但我記得自己寫了一篇關于這件事的日記。那是我回到劍橋的第一個晚上，我坐在石橋上，抬頭望著國王學院的教堂，寫下了這篇日記。我記得那條平靜的河，記得秋葉緩緩飄落在如鏡的河面上。我記得筆尖在紙上劃過的沙沙聲，整整八頁，我詳細地記述了妹妹說的每一句話。但關于她說話時的記憶卻消失了：仿佛我寫下來就是為了忘卻。

如果我為在如此安全的距離——在宏偉的圖書館和古老的教堂的環繞下——記錄下姐姐的恐懼而感到內疚，只有一個跡象可以表明這點。那一晚，在日記的最后一行，我寫道：今晚的劍橋不如以前美麗。

但寫什么呢？在為碩士論文閱讀時，我驚訝地發現19世紀偉大哲學家的思想中競有摩門教神學的影子。我跟導師大衛·倫西曼提到了這點。“這就是你的研究課題，”他說，你能完成一件前無古人的事：你不僅可以把摩門教作為一場宗教運動來研究，還能將其視為一場學術運動。”

第一個學期在一連串的晚宴和深夜派對中匆匆而過,其間還穿插著在圖書館熬夜的日子。為了獲得博士學位，我必須進行一項原創性學術研究。換句話說，閱讀了五年的歷史，現在該輪到我來書寫歷史了。

德魯和我一起來到了劍橋，他被中東研究的碩士項目錄取。我跟他講了和奧黛麗的對話。他是我第一個傾訴家庭之事的男友——是真正的傾訴，說出真相，而不只是講些逗趣的軼事。當然，那些都已經過去了，我說。我的家人現在不一樣了。但你應該知道這些，這樣你就能留意我，以防我做出什么瘋狂的事。

但盡管我希望不是這樣，我還是不想回家。比起原生家庭，我更喜歡自己選擇的這個圈子。所以我在劍橋越開心，就越因背叛了巴克峰而覺得自己的快樂變了味。這種感覺融入了我的身體，我能在舌尖嘗到，能在自己的呼吸中聞到。

我開始重讀約瑟夫·史密斯和楊百翰的書信。小時候，我讀這些書信是出于崇敬;現在我以不同的眼光去讀，既不是以批評者的眼光，也不是以信徒的眼光。我審視一夫多妻制，不是把它當作一種教義，而是看作一項社會政策。我用它自身的目標，以及同一時期的其他運動和理論來衡量它。這感覺像是一種激進的行為。

我在劍橋的朋友們已經成了我的一種家人，和他們在一起我有一種歸屬感，而在巴克峰的許多年里，我從未有過這種感覺。有時我覺得自己有這些感覺是一種罪過。我想，親姐妹怎么能愛一個陌生人勝過愛自己的兄弟呢？什么樣的女兒會更喜歡老師而不是自己的父親呢？

我買了一張圣誕節回愛達荷州的機票。出發前一晚，學院有一場盛宴。我的一個朋友組建了一個室內唱詩班,要在晚宴期間演唱圣誕頌歌。唱詩班已經排練了好幾個星期,但就在宴會當天，女高音因支氣管炎病倒了。那天傍晚，我的電話響了。是我的朋友打來的。“求你告訴我你認識會唱歌的人。”他說。

我已經多年沒唱歌了，而且以前唱歌時爸爸總會在一旁聽著。但幾個小時后，我加入了室內唱詩班,站在靠近屋頂的一個平臺上，位于大廳里那棵占據顯眼位的巨大的圣誕樹上方。我珍視那一刻，胸口再次飄出歌聲，那種輕盈的感覺讓我愉悅，我還在想，如果爸爸在這兒，他會不會不顧這所大學以及它所秉持的社會主義理念，來聽我唱歌呢？我覺得他會的。

巴克峰一切照舊。“公主”被埋在雪里，但我仍能看見她腿部深深的輪廓。我到家時，母親正在廚房，一只手攪著燉菜，另一只手拿著電話，講解著益母草的功效。爸爸的書桌還是空著的。母親說，他在地下室臥床休息，他的肺部出了點問題。

兩天過去了。每天晚上爸爸都會上樓，在禮拜堂的沙發上坐下，一邊咳嗽一邊看電視或者讀《舊約》。我白天不是學習就是幫母親干活。

一個身材魁梧的陌生人拖著腳步從后門進來。過了好幾秒我才認出我的哥哥。盧克的胡子長得又濃又密，看起來像他養的山羊中的一只。他的左眼白茫茫的，沒有了視力：幾個月前他被彩彈槍擊中了臉。他穿過房間，拍了拍我的后背，我凝視著他剩下的那只眼睛，試圖從中找到熟悉的東西。但是直到我看到他前臂上那塊凸起的傷疤，那道兩英寸寬的弧形疤痕，是被剪羊毛機咬的，我才確定這個人就是我的哥哥。他告訴我，他和妻子還有一群孩子住在谷倉后面的活動房屋里，在北達科他州的石油鉆塔工作賺錢。

第三天晚上，我正坐在廚房的餐桌旁看書，肖恩和本杰明拖著腳步從后門進來了。本杰明在跟肖恩講他在鎮上發生撞車事故后揮出的一拳。他說，在從卡車上下來去和對方司機理論之前，他把一把手槍塞進了牛仔褲的褲腰里。“那家伙根本不知道自己要面對什么。”本杰明咧嘴笑著說。

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

“我又不會真用它。”本杰明咕嘧道。

肖恩說話很平靜，若有所思。他的金發又臟又長，肆意生長著，臉上滿是頁巖色的胡茬。在油污和灰塵下，他的眼晴閃閃發光，就像煙灰云中的藍色火焰。他的表情和言語，都像是屬于一個年長許多的人，一個熱血已經冷卻、內心平靜的人。

“只有白癡才會在那種混亂的情況下掏槍。”肖恩說。

“那就別帶槍，”肖恩說，“這樣你就知道自己不會用它。如果你帶了，就可能會用，事情就是這樣。一場拳腳之爭很快就會演變成槍戰。”

肖恩轉向我。我一直在躲著他，但突然覺得這樣做很不公平。他已經變了；假裝他沒變太殘忍了。他問我想不想出去兜風，我說想。肖恩想吃冰激凌，于是我們買了奶昔。談話很平靜、自在，就像多年前那些黃昏時分在畜欄里的對話一樣。他跟我講了沒有爸爸幫忙，他如何管理團隊，講了彼得脆弱的肺部—還講了他做過的手術以及晚上還得戴著的氧氣管。

“我們這是去哪兒？”我問，但這條路只有一個方向。

我們快到家了，離巴克峰只有一英里的時候，肖恩猛打方向盤，車在冰面上打滑。他在車子打轉時加速，輪胎抓地后，車猛地沖上了一條岔路。

肖恩繞著停車場轉了一圈，然后把車停在主入口附近。他關掉引擎，車燈漸漸熄滅。黑暗中，我幾乎看不清他臉部的輪廓。

教堂一片漆黑，停車場空無一人。

“你和奧黛麗經常聊天嗎？”他問。

“不怎么聊。”我說。

我把目光移開，盯著教堂的尖頂，在星光的映襯下，它清晰可見。

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