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Day5中國元素

布勞特氏菌有助于人體適應高海拔地區

The numerous bacteria that naturally inhabit the human body seem to help us in many ways. One group is emerging as particularly beneficial:a type of gut (腸道） bacteria known as Blautia, which has made headlines recently because it seems to exert some really remarkable effects. Now,a Chinese team is glimpsing another potential benefit of Blautia: helping people adapt to high altitudes. Their findings suggest that providing Blautia could help mountaineers and others perform better in these challenging environments.

Qing-Peng Kong,a geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and his team recruited 45 men to move from their homes at 250 meters above sea level to a town at about 3,700 meters. Despite the thin air,the men ate similar food as they had at home, minimizing the effects of diet changes on their gut bacteria. After 2 days,Blautia went from being rare to very abundant in their guts.

The team then subjected mice to controlled low-oxygen conditions in the lab, simulating (模擬） an altitude of 4,000 meters,while giving Blautia to half of them every other day. The Blautia-treated mice showed milder symptoms of altitude sickness. This opens the door into whether altitude sickness might be amenable to treatment through the gut.

The bacteria's effect may also extend to the brain. “Its superpower comes from the connection between the gut and the brain,” says Klepac-Ceraj at Wellesley College. The fatty acids it makes are known to activate receptors on nerves that connect the digestive system, heart and brain. This could help explain a surprising correlation that Klepac-Ceraj reported last year:Kids are more likely to talk and laugh when they have more Blautia in their guts. "There's lots of communication happening between our bacteria and our brain; we are just beginning to uncover what services bacteria do for us," Klepac-Ceraj notes.

Blautia's apparent superpowers suggest to Kong it could serve as a supplement (補充) that benefits people regardless of whether they are planning a trip to Tibet. But first, Kong says,he wants to find out whether Blautia is a “solo" player or exerts these protective effects only as part of a larger group of bacteria.

1. What's the importance of the study led by a Chinese team?

A. It reaches a conclusive result.
B. It provides a practical finding.
C. It serves as a cure-all medicine.
D. It introduces an advanced technology.

2. What do we know about the subjects in both experiments?

A. They added Blautia in their diet.
B. They settled in high-altitude regions.
C. They suffered severe altitude sickness.
D. They experienced low-oxygen conditions.

3. What does the underlined word “amenable" in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Helpful. B. Incurable.
C. Responsive. D. Efficient.

4.According to Kong and Klepac-Ceraj,what role does Blautia play in human health?

A.A double-edged sword.
B. A solo player.
C. A high-cost solution.
D. A partially-understood influence.

閱讀參考

口語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人體自然存在的布勞特氏菌(Blautia)益處突出，中國團隊發現其能幫助人們適應高海拔。

■譯文助讀

自然存在于人體中的眾多細菌似乎在許多方面對我們有所幫助。其中有一類細菌的益處尤為突出：這是一種名為布勞特氏菌(Blautia)的腸道細菌，最近它成了新聞焦點，因為它似乎能產生一些非常顯著的效果。如今，一個中國研究團隊發現了布勞特氏菌的另一潛在益處：幫助人們適應高海拔環境。他們的研究結果表明，補充布勞特氏菌有助于登山者及其他人群在這些具有挑戰性的環境中表現得更好。

中國科學院的遺傳學家孔慶鵬及其團隊招募了45名男性，讓他們從海拔250米的家鄉轉移到海拔約3700米的一個小鎮。盡管空氣稀薄，但這些人食用的食物與在家時相似，從而將飲食變化對腸道細菌的影響降至最低。兩天后，布勞特氏菌在他們腸道中的數量從稀少變得極為豐富。

隨后，該團隊在實驗室中對老鼠進行了可控的低氧處理，模擬4000米的海拔環境，同時每隔一天給一半的老鼠喂食布勞特氏菌。接受布勞特氏菌處理的老鼠高原反應癥狀較輕。這為通過腸道治療高原反應的可能性打開了一扇門。

這種細菌的影響可能還會延伸到大腦。韋爾斯利學院的Klepac-Ceraj表示：“它的神奇力量源于腸道與大腦之間的聯系。”已知它產生的脂肪酸會激活連接消化系統、心臟和大腦的神經上的受體。這或許可以解釋Klepac-Ceraj去年報告的一個驚人關聯：腸道中布勞特氏菌越多的孩子，越容易開口說話和歡笑。Klepac-Ceraj指出：我們體內的細菌與大腦之間存在大量的信息交流；我們才剛剛開始發現細菌為我們提供了哪些服務。”

布勞特氏菌明顯的神奇功效讓孔慶鵬認為，無論人們是否打算去西藏旅行，它都可以作為一種有益的補充劑。但孔慶鵬表示，首先他想弄清楚布勞特氏菌是“單打獨斗”，還是僅作為更大菌群的一部分才能發揮這些保護作用。

【答案自查】

1.B細節理解題。根據第一段倒數第二句可知，由中國團隊領導的這項研究的重要性是它提供了一個實際的發現。故選B。
2.D細節理解題。根據第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知,這兩個實驗的對象都經歷了低氧環境。故選 D。
3.C詞義猜測題。根據第三段最后兩句可知,攜帶 Blautia 細菌的老鼠高原反應更輕,因此腸道中的Blautia 細菌對于治療高原反應是有效果的，由此可知,amenable的意思與“有效果的，反應的”意義相近，即responsive。故選C。
4.D推理判斷題。根據第四段最后一句和第五段第一句可知,Qing-Peng Kong 和KlepacCeraj 都認為目前我們對 Blautia 細菌的理解是有局限的，也就是 Blautia 在人類健康中只是被部分理解的影響。故選D。

Day 6 詞句回顧

遷移運用

詞匯采擷

\* Day 1

1.settlement n.定居點
2. chilly adj.寒冷的；陰冷的
3. striking adj.引人注目的；異乎尋常的
4.isolation n.孤獨；孤立狀態；隔離；隔 離狀態
5.atmosphere n.氣氛；氛圍
6. shift n .改變；轉移；轉換；變換； v.轉移；挪動

2.immune adj.有免疫力的
3.infectious adj.傳染性的，感染的
4.dedicate v.把.…...奉獻給
5.consistently adv.始終如一地；連續地
6.individualityn.個性；個人特征

\* Day 4

1. persuasive adj.有說服力的
2. guilty adj.內疚的
3. academic adj.學術上的
4.intellectual adj.智力的
5. grin v.咧嘴笑
6.accelerate v.使加速;加速

\* Day 2

1. volcano n.火山
2. rescue v.營救；援救
3. rapids n.急流；湍急的河水
4. previously adv.先前地
5. astonished adj.感到十分驚訝的
6.incredible adj.難以置信的

\* Day 5

1. numerous adj.許多的
2.inhabit v.居住在；棲居于
3.altitude n.海拔；海拔高度
4. abundant adj.大量的；豐盛的
5.activate v.使活動；激活

\* Day 3

1.defender n.防守隊員；后衛 6. apparent adj.顯而易見；明白易懂

短語串記

1.由carry on串記“v. \mathbf{+on} "的短語（Day2）

call on 拜訪；號召；請求 take on 承擔;呈現；雇用 rely on 依靠；信賴 insist on 堅持;堅決要求 focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 base on 以……·為基礎；基于

2.由recognize as 串記“v.十as"的短語（Day 2)

■多維探究

I.一詞多義

1.adaptv.使適應；適應；改編(Day5)

_自我檢測寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
(2)We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
(3)Three of her novels have been adapted for television.

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

2.atmosphere n.大氣層,大氣圈；(房間、封閉空間或某處的)空氣；氣氛；氛圍；(Day 1)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)The hotel offers a friendly atmosphere and personal service.
(2)The shuttle Columbia will re-enter Earth's atmosphere tomorrow morning.
(3)These gases pollute the atmosphere of towns and cities.

Ⅱ.熟詞生義

1.desert［熟義］n.沙漠［生義］v.拋棄；舍棄,離棄(某地方);背離；使失望（Day 4)[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)Desert plants are adapted to cope with extreme heat.
(2)The villages had been deserted.
(3)Her courage seemed to desert her for a moment.

2.channel［熟義］n.途徑;渠道;電視臺;頻道；波段;方式,方法［生義］u.引導；貫注;輸送資金，提供幫助;輸送,傳送(Day3)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)Complaints must be made through the proper channels.
(2)Music is a great channel for releasing your emotions.
(3)Stephen is channelling his energies into a novel called Blue.
(4)Money for the project will be channelled through local government.

Ⅲ.詞匯變形

1.strikev.撞擊;碰撞 \rightarrow v.（past tense）→ v.（past participle）→U.(present participle) \mid\rightarrow adj.受....困擾的

2.establish .建立；創立 *^{-} adj.已確立的;著名的 \rightarrow n.建立;創立;機構

3.applyv.申請;應用;涂，敷 \rightarrow n.申請(表);運用；應用程序→ n.申請人

1.recognizev.辨認出；承認；認可 \rightarrow n.認出;承認;賞識→ adj.容易認出的

5.effect n.影響;結果;效果 \Bumpeq adj.有效的;生效的 \rightarrow adu.有效地

6.die v.死亡→ n.死亡 \rightarrow adj.死的 \rightarrow adj.致命的

7.motivatev.激發；激勵→ n.動機;動力→ adj.激勵的

8.settlev.定居；解決 \rightarrow n.解決；定居點 \rightarrow n.定居者

9.credit n 貸款；贊揚；學分；信用 \rightarrow adj.可信的,可靠的→ n.可靠性；可信度 難句研讀

1. That's a striking shift, where men have historically lived here and haven't always been particularly inviting. (Day 1)

[剖析］此句是主從復合句，where引導 從句， 連接兩個謂語動詞have historically lived 和 haven't always been..

[翻譯]

2. But it wasn't until I saw the raised scar on his forearm,a curved check mark two inches wide from where the Shear had bitten his flesh,that I was sure this man was my brother.

(Day 4)

[剖析］此句是主從復合句,itwasn'tuntil...that是 ,a curved check mark two inches...作

[翻譯]

3. Blautia's apparent superpowers suggest to Kong it could serve as a supplement that benefits people regardless of whether they are planning a trip to Tibet. (Day 5)

[剖析］it could serve as a supplement 作謂語動詞 suggest 的 ;that benefits people 中 that引導 從句。regardless of whether they are planning a trip to Tibet 是介詞 短語作狀語，短語內部包含了whether引導的賓語從句。

[翻譯]

參考答案

【多維探究】

I.1.(1)使適應（2)適應（3)改編2.（1)氣氛；氛圍（2)大氣層,大氣圈（3)(房間、封 閉空間或某處的)空氣
\mathbb{I}.1.(1)n 沙漠 (2)\tau. 舍棄,離棄(某地方） (3)\tau. 背離;使失望 2.\ (1)n .渠道 (2)n 方 式,方法 (3)v. 引導；貫注 (4)v. 輸送資金，提供幫助
Ⅲ. 1. struck; struck; striking; stricken 2. established; establishment 3. application; applicant 4. recognition; recognizable 5. effective;effectively 6. death; dead; deadly 7. motivation;motivational 8. settlement;settler 9. credible;credibility

【難句研讀】

1.剖析：狀語;and翻譯：這是一個顯著的轉變,歷史上,男性一直生活于此,但他們并不總是特別吸引人。
2.剖析：強調句；同位語翻譯：但是直到我看到他前臂上那塊凸起的傷疤，那兩英寸寬的弧形疤痕，是被剪羊毛機咬的，我才確定這人就是我哥哥。
3.剖析：賓語；定語翻譯：布勞特氏菌明顯的神奇功效讓孔慶鵬認為，無論人們是否打算去西藏旅行，它都可以作為一種有益的補充劑。

主題4 展望未來

Day 1 時文在線

在月球上種植植物

The Australian National University (ANU) and an Australian start-up,Lunaria One,are teaming up to grow plants on the moon together,as early as 2026. Lunaria One's ALEPH project is an early step towards growing plants for food, medicine and oxygen production. However,the problem is that the moon is like a desert. There's no life there,only dust,rocks and water.

"Space provides a unique opportunity to study how to grow plants in extreme environments," said ANU Associate Professor Caitlin Byrt.“The extreme conditions that the Earth is facing because of climate change present challenges of how we manage fod security in the future. Having controlled environments can create the ability to rapidly grow plants after natural disasters or events caused by climate change. So this project is important. If you can create a system for growing plants on the moon,then you can create a system for growing food in some of the most challenging environments on Earth. "

As to what plants to be grown on the moon researchers are still deciding,but one of the front runners under consideration is Tripogon loliformis,a kind of Australian native grass that can live in extreme conditions and survive for months without water. According to a plant biologist,even after losing more than 95 per cent of its relative water content,the dead-looking grass remains alive and continues to grow when provided with water. Whatever plants are selected,they will be transported to the moon in a dry and sleeping state and will come to life upon watering.

The ship will take off in 2026. Upon arrival,pictures and videos will be sent back to the Earth over a 72-hour period and will be publicly accessible. “The ALEPH project aims to make the science and engineering behind growing life on the moon open to people. And we hope to get everyone involved and listen to their opinions. If you're interested in the project, you can get all the necessary information from our website,”" said Lauren Fell,the director of Lunaria One.

1. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?

A. The methods of growing plants in space.
B. The challenges of growing plants after disasters.
C. The value of growing plants on the moon.
D. The need to grow food for a growing population.

2. Why is Tripogon loliformis being considered for the project?

A. It can produce young plants fast.
B. It can live with little water.
C. It is the most common grass in Australia.
D. It can naturally wake up from a sleeping state.

3.What is Lauren Fell's attitude towards the public joining the project?

A. Supportive. B. Shocked.
C. Negative. D. Worried.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞國立大學和澳大利亞初創公司LunariaOne合作,計劃2026年在月球上種植植物的項目。

譯文助讀

澳大利亞國立大學（ANU)和一家澳大利亞初創公司Lunaria One正合作計劃最早在 2026 年在月球上種植植物。Lunaria One的ALEPH項目早期是為食物、藥物和氧氣生產種植植物。然而，問題在于月球就像沙漠一樣，那里沒有生命，只有灰塵、巖石和水。

“太空提供了一個研究如何在極端環境中種植植物的獨特機會，”澳大利亞國立大學副教授凱特琳·伯特(Caitlin Byrt)說。“由于氣候變化,地球面臨的極端條件為我們未來如何管理糧食安全帶來了挑戰。擁有受控環境可以在自然災害或氣候變化引發的事件后迅速培養植物生長的能力。所以這個項目很重要。如果你能在月球上創建一個種植植物的系統,那么你就能在地球上一些最具挑戰性的環境中創建一個種植食物的系統。”

至于在月球上種植什么植物,研究人員仍在決定中,但其中一種被重點考慮的植物是澳大利亞本土草—Tripogon loliformis。這種草可以在極端條件下生存,并且數月不澆水也能存活。據一位植物生物學家介紹，即使失去 95% 以上的相對含水量，這種看似枯死的草依然活著，并在澆水后還能繼續生長。無論選擇什么植物，它們都將以干燥和休眠的狀態運送到月球，一旦給它們澆水，它們就會復蘇。

飛船將在2026 年起飛。到達月球后，在72小時內圖片和視頻將被發送到地球,并將對公眾開放。“ALEPH項目旨在讓人們了解在月球上培育生命的科學和工程。并且我們希望讓每個人都參與進來并聽取他們的意見。如果你對這個項目感興趣，你可以從我們的網站上獲取所有必要的信息，”LunariaOne的主任勞倫·費爾（LaurenFell)說道。

【答案自查】

1.C段落大意題。根據文章第二段的內容可知，這個項目很重要，如果在月球上種出植物，那么在其他具有挑戰性的環境下也能。故這段主要講述了在月球上種植植物的價值。故選C。
2.B細節理解題。根據文章第三段第一句可知,Tripogon loliformis 被考慮用于該項目是因為它可以在水少的環境中生存。故選B。
3.A觀點態度題。根據文章最后一段中Lauren Fell 說的話可知,ALEPH項目的目標是讓人們了解在月球上培育生命的科學和工程。Lauren Fell 希望每個人都參與并聽取他們的意見。因此Lauren Fell對公眾參與該項目持支持態度。故選A。

Day 2 以文化人

未來工作會變少嗎？

From self-driving cars to carebots(care + robots） for elderly people,rapid development in technology has long represented a possible threat to many jobs normally performed by people. Now experts believe that almost 50 per cent of occupations existing today will be completely unnecessary by 2035 as artificial intelligence continues to change businesses.

"The next fifteen years will see a revolution in how we work, and a revolution will necessarily take place in how we plan and think about workplaces,” said Peter Andrew,the director of Workplace Strategy for CBRE Asia Pacific. A growing number of jobs in the future will require creative intelligence,social skills and the ability to use artificial intelligence.

The report is based on interviews with 200 experts, business leaders and young people from Asia Pacific, Europe and North America. It shows that in the US technology already destroys more jobs than it creates. But the report states:“Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs — just changing what people do." Growth in new jobs could occur as much,according to the research.“The growth of 20 to 40 people companies that have the speed and technological know-how will directly challenge big companies ," it states.

A previous report by Pew Research found 52 per cent of experts in artificial intelligence and robotics were optimistic about the future and believed there would still be enough jobs in the next few years. The optimists pictured “a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create,”" according to Aaron Smith,the report's co-author.“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created. Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people,there were billions of jobs. There is no shortage of things that need to be done and that will not change," Microsoft's Jonathan Grudin told researchers.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The result of job reduction.
B. The fast development of AI.
B. The future life of elderly people.
D. The influence of technology on jobs.

2. What will people most probably do in the future?

A. Take the place of AI.
B. Work in a traditional way.
C. Take up jobs requiring creativity.
D. Enjoy life without working anymore.

3.What can be known from Grudin's words in the last paragraph?

A. Unemployment will stay high.
B. More jobs tend to appear in the future.
B. Job competition is likely to grow fiercer.
D. Technology will have less control over jobs.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A.Are People Losing Their Jobs? B.The Requirements for Future Jobs C. The Challenging Life in the Future D. Does Technology Simplify Everything?

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著人工智能的發展，許多企業正發生改變，人們失去了很多工作崗位,但是這并不意味著工作機會變少。事實上，新工作崗位仍會增長，未來人們會有更多的就業機會。

譯文助讀

從自動駕駛汽車到老年人護理機器人,科技的快速發展長期以來對許多通常由人類完成的工作構成了潛在威脅。現在專家們認為由于人工智能不斷改變商業，到2035年，今天存在的近 50% 的工作將完全不再需要。

“未來十五年，我們將會看到一場工作方式的革命，同時我們規劃和思考工作場所的方式也必將發生一場革命，"CBRE亞太區工作場所戰略總監Peter Andrew說道。未來越來越多的工作需要創造性的智力、社交技能以及使用人工智能的能力。

該報告基于對來自亞太地區、歐洲和北美的200 位專家、商業領袖和年輕人的采訪。報告顯示，在美國技術已經摧毀了比它創造的更多的工作崗位。但報告指出：“失去職業并不一定意味著失去工作—只是改變人們的工作內容。”研究顯示，新工作的增長可能會同樣發生。“擁有速度和技術知識的20到 40人的公司的發展將直接挑戰大公司，”報告稱。

之前皮尤研究中心的一份報告發現， 52% 的人工智能和機器人專家對未來持樂觀態度，認為未來幾年仍會有足夠的工作崗位。報告的合著者Aaron Smith表示，樂觀者們描繪了“一個機器人取代的工作崗位不會比他們創造的崗位多的未來”。微軟的Jonathan Grudin 告訴研究人員：“技術將繼續影響就業，但似乎更有可能創造更多的工作崗位。盡管一直有失業者，但是當人口達到數十億時，就有數十億個工作崗位。需要做的事情總是很多，而且這種情況將不會改變。”

【答案自查】

1.D段落大意題。根據第一段內容可知,從自動駕駛汽車到為老人服務的機器人,科技的快速發展長期以來對許多通常由人類完成的工作構成了潛在威脅。故本段主要介紹了技術對就業的影響。故選D。
2.C細節理解題。根據第二段中的“A growing number of jobs in the future will requirecreative intelligence,social skills and the ability to use artificial intelligence. "可知 ,人們將來最有可能從事需要創造力的工作。故選C。
3.B推理判斷題。根據最后一段Grudin 的說話內容可推知,未來會出現更多的工作機會。故選B。
4.A標題歸納題。通讀全文，并結合最后一段內容可知，隨著人工智能的發展，雖然會有失業者，但未來的工作崗位仍會增長，人們會有更多的工作機會。所以A項符合文章內容，可以作為標題。故選A。

Day 3 國際視野

軟體護理機器人

The world's elderly population is increasing. The number of older people—those aged 60 years or older—is expected to double by 2050 and is growing faster than all younger age groups across the world. That comes with an increasing need for caregivers who can provide 24-hour care,not only at hospitals or nursing homes,but also at private homes.

Already,caregiving robots are programmed to ask questions a nurse would ask and can keep an eye on patients for falls. These robotic assistants are expected to become increasingly marketable and reach 450, 000 by 2045 because of the expected caregiver shortage in the United States.

"Unluckily,the hard structure of present caregiving robots prevents them from a safe human-robot interaction,limiting their assistance to only social interaction and not physical interaction," said Ramses Martinez, an assistant professor in Purdue's College of Engineering.“After all, would you leave babies or old people in the hands of a robot?"

Recent advances in material science have enabled the production of soft robots with deformable （可變形的） bodies or the ability to reshape themselves when touched,but today the complex design prevents the use of this technology at home.

However, Martinez and other researchers have developed a new design method which shows promise in enabling the production of soft robots using a 3D printer.

The design process has three steps. First,a user makes a computer-added design file with the shape of the robot. The user then paints the file to show which directions the different joints of the soft robot will move. It takes the computer a few seconds to change the computeradded design model into a 3D soft machine that can be printed using any 3D printer.

"The soft machines move like humans. Their ability to change their body structure and movement to adapt to a wide variety of environments will improve caregiving greatly," says Martinez.

The researchers are looking for partners to test and bring their technology to the market.

1. What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. The younger age groups.
B. The groups of older people.
C. The population across the world.
D. The growth of the elderly population.

2. What is the disadvantage of the present caregiving robots?

A. They can't offer safe physical interaction.
B. They can't communicate with patients.
C. They can't watch patients for falls.
D. They can't provide 24-hour care.

3. What do we know about Martinez's new design method?

A.It is hard for users to understand.
B. It has brought the robots to the market.
C. It works with a special kind of 3D printer.
D. It makes the production of soft robots simpler.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A.The robot industry in the future.
B.The development of robots.
C. Robots for the elderly created with 3D printers.
D. Effects of population ageing around the world.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著世界老年人口的不斷增長，對護理人員的需求也越來越大。科技人員克服了當前護理機器人硬結構的弊端，研制出了用3D打印機生產軟體護理機器人的新的設計方法。

■譯文助讀

世界老年人口在不斷增加。60歲及以上老年人的數量預計到2050年將翻一番，而且在全球范圍內老年人口的增長速度比所有年輕年齡組都要快。這伴隨著對能夠提供24小時護理的護工需求的不斷增加，不僅在醫院或養老院，而且在私人家庭中也是如此。

護理機器人早已經被編程為可以詢問護士會問的問題，并且可以監控病人是否摔倒。由于美國預計會出現護工短缺,這些機器人助手將變得越來越有市場,到 2045 年將達到45萬。

“不幸的是，目前護理機器人堅硬的結構阻礙了它們與人類的安全互動，限制了它們只能進行社交互動，而不能進行身體互動，”普渡大學工程學院副教授Ramses Martinez說。“畢競，你會把嬰兒或老人交給一個機器人嗎？”

材料科學的最新進展使得生產具有可變形身體或在被觸摸時能夠重塑自己的軟體機器人成為可能，但目前復雜的設計阻礙了這項技術在家庭中的應用。

然而,Martinez和其他研究人員開發了一種新的設計方法，該方法在使用3D打印機生產軟體機器人方面顯示出成功的跡象。

這個設計過程有三個步驟。首先，用戶制作一個計算機輔助設計文件繪制機器人的形狀。然后，用戶對文件進行涂色以顯示軟體機器人各個關節的運動方向。接下來，計算機會在幾秒鐘內將計算機輔助設計模型轉換成3D軟體機器人,它可以使用任何3D打印機進行打印。

“軟體機器人可以像人類一樣移動。它們改變身體結構和運動以適應各種環境的能力將大大提高護理水平，"Martinez說。

研究人員正在尋找合作伙伴，來測試機器人并將其技術推向市場。

【答案自查】

1.D詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞的上一句和畫線詞所在句可知，“That"指代上句所提到的老年人口數量的增長。故選D。
2.A細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知,當前護理機器人的弊端是它們不能給人類提供安全的身體上的互動。故選A。
3.D細節理解題。根據第五段的內容和第六段可知,Martinez 的新設計方案使軟體機器人的生產變得更加簡單。故選D。
4.C主旨大意題。根據第一段中的“That comes with an increasing need for caregivers..."和倒數第二段以及文章內容可知,文章主要講述了專為老年人研制的用3D打印機生產的軟體機器人。故選C。

Day4經典名著

《神奇樹屋8：月球之旅》（節選）

Chapter 1 :By Moonlight

"Jack!" whispered a voice.

Jack opened his eyes.He saw a figure in the moonlight.

"Wake up. Get dressed. " It was his sister,Annie.

Jack turned on his lamp. He rubbed his eyes.

Annie was standing beside his bed. She wore jeans and a sweatshirt.

"Let's go to the tree house," she said.

"What time is it?" asked Jack. He put on his glasses.

"Don't look at your clock," said Annie.

Jack looked at his clock. “Oh,man,” he said.“It's midnight. It's too dark. "

"No,it isn't. The moon makes it bright enough to see,” said Annie.

"Wait till morning,”" said Jack.

"No—now," said Annie.“We have to find the fourth M thing. I have a feeling that the full moon might help us."

"That's nuts," said Jack."I want to sleep."

"You can sleep when we come back home,” said Annie.“"No time will have passed."

Jack sighed. “Oh,brother," he said.

But he got out of bed.

"Yay!" whispered Annie. “Meet you at the back door. " She tiptoed out of Jack's room.

Jack yawned. He pulled on his jeans and sneakers and a sweatshirt. He put his notebook and pencil into his backpack. Then he crept down the stairs.

Annie opened the back door. Quietly,they stepped outside.

“Wait —" said Jack.“We need a flashlight. "

"No, we don't. I told you—the moon will light our way," said Annie. And she took off.

Jack sighed,then followed her.

Annie was right, thought Jack. The moon was so bright that he could see his shadow. Everything seemed washed with silver.

Soon they left their street. Annie led the way into the Frog Creek woods. It was much darker under the shadows of the trees.

Jack looked up,searching for the tree house.

"There!" said Annie.

The magic tree house was shining in the moonlight.

Annie grabbed the rope ladder and started climbing up.

"Careful—-go slowly," said Jack.

He followed her up the ladder and into the tree house.

Moonlight streamed through the window. It shone on the letter M that shimmered on the wooden floor.

It shone on the three M things that rested on the M:a moonstone from the time of the ninjas,a mango from the Amazon rain forest,and a mammoth bone from the Ice Age.

"We need just one more M thing," said Annie,"to free Morgan from her spell. "

Squeak.

"Peanut!" said Annie.

In the dim light,Jack saw a tiny mouse. She sat on an open book.

"You didn't expect to see us this late,did you?" said Annie.

She picked up Peanut. And Jack picked up the open book.

"So where are we going this time?" Annie asked him.

Jack held the book up to the moonlight.

"Uh-oh," he said.“I knew we should have brought a flashlight. I can't read a thing."

He could make out diagrams and shadowy pictures. But he couldn't read a word.

"Look at the cover," said Annie.

The letters were bigger on the cover. Jack squinted at them.

"It's called H e l l o,M o o n ," he said.

Annie gasped.“We're going to the moon?"

"Of course not," said Jack.“It's impossible to go to the moon without tons of equipment."

"Why?"

"There's no air. We couldn't breathe. Not only that, we'd boil to death if it was day and freeze to death if it was night. "

"Yikes," said Annie. “So where do you think we are going?"

"Maybe a place where people train to be astronauts," said Jack.

"That sounds neat!" said Annie.

"Yeah," said Jack. He'd always wanted to meet astronauts and space scientists.

"So say the wish," said Annie.

Jack opened the book again. He pointed to a picture of a dome-shaped structure. “"I wish we could go there," he said.

The wind started to blow.

The tree house started to spin.

It spun faster and faster and faster.

Then everything was silent.

Absolutely silent. As quiet and still as silence could be.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

《神奇樹屋》系列主要講述了一對小兄妹杰克與安妮的冒險故事。八歲的哥哥杰克，理性冷靜，喜歡看書，他會將沿途看到的事物記錄在筆記本上；而七歲的妹妹安妮，喜愛幻想與冒險，并且勇于嘗試。

譯文助讀

第1章：月光下

“杰克!”一個聲音輕聲說。

杰克睜開眼晴，看到了月光下的一個身影。

“快醒醒，穿上衣服。”原來是他的妹妹安妮。

杰克打開燈，揉了揉眼睛。

安妮正穿著牛仔褲、運動衫站在他的床前。

“咱們去樹屋吧。”她說。

“幾點了？”杰克問，并且戴上了眼鏡。

“別看鐘。”安妮說。

杰克看了看鐘。“天啊，”他說，“才半夜，太黑了吧。”

“不黑，月光足夠亮了，能看清。”安妮說。

“等到早晨再說吧。”杰克說。

“不行，就要現在，”安妮說，我們必須找到第四個帶有M的東西。我有種感覺，今晚的滿月說不定能幫上我們呢。”

“那太瘋狂了，”杰克說，“我還想睡呢。”

“我們回來后你還可以睡，”安妮說，“我們離開的時候時間是停頓的。”

杰克嘆了口氣。他說，“天啊。”

不過他還是從床上爬了起來。

“耶！”安妮小聲叫道，“我在后門等你。”她著腳尖走出了杰克的房間。

杰克打了個哈欠，穿上了牛仔褲、運動衫和球鞋。他把鉛筆和筆記本放進背包，然后手腳地下了樓梯。

安妮打開后門。他們輕輕地走了出去。

“等等——”杰克說，“我們得拿個手電筒。”

“不用，我跟你說過了 月亮會為我們照亮的。”安妮說著便出發了。

杰克只好嘆了嘆氣，跟在安妮后面。

安妮是對的，杰克心想。月光是那么的明亮，他連自己的影子都能看見呢。一切似乎都鍍上了一層銀色。

很快，他們就離開了他們的街道，安妮帶路進入了蛙溪樹林。樹蔭下，可黑多了。

杰克抬頭望著，想找到那個樹屋。

“在那兒!"安妮叫道。

那個神奇的樹屋在月光下熠熠閃光。

安妮抓住繩梯開始向上爬。

“小心，慢點爬!”杰克說。

他跟在安妮的后面沿著繩梯爬進了樹屋。

月光從窗戶透了進來，灑在木地板上，照亮了地上的字母M。

同時，月光也照亮了字母M上放著的三樣以英文M開頭的東西：從忍者時代帶回的月亮石(moonstone),來自亞馬孫雨林的一個芒果(mango）,和從冰河時代帶回來的猛犸象的骨頭(mammoth bone)。

“只要再找到一個M開頭的東西就行了，”安妮說，“那樣我們就可以把摩根從魔咒中解救出來了。”

哎吱。

“花生!”安妮叫道。

在昏暗的月光下，杰克看到了一只小老鼠正坐在一本打開的書上。

“沒想到這么晚會見到我們吧。”安妮說。

她拎起小老鼠花生，而杰克拿起了那本打開的書。

“這次我們該去哪里了？”安妮問。

杰克拿著書，對著月光看著。

“哦，”他說，“我就說我們該帶個手電筒吧。我簡直什么都看不清。”

他只能依稀辨別出一個表格和一幅朦朦朧朧的圖畫，但卻一個字也看不清。

“看看封面。”安妮說。

封面上的字要大得多。杰克瞇著眼看著。

“這本書叫作《你好，月球》。”他說。

安妮倒吸了一口氣。“難道我們要去月球嗎？”

“當然不會。”杰克說，“沒有成堆的設備根本就不可能去月球。”

“為什么？”

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

“那里沒有空氣,我們根本無法呼吸。不僅如此,白天我們會被高溫烤死,而晚上又會被凍死。”“啊呀！”安妮道，“那么你覺得我們會去哪里呢？”
“也許去一個訓練宇航員的地方。”杰克說。
“聽上去挺棒的!”安妮說。
“是啊，”杰克說。他可是一直想見見宇航員和太空科學家呢。
“那么許愿吧。”安妮說。
杰克再次打開書，指著一幅有一個拱形建筑的圖片說：“我希望我們能去那里。”
風吹了起來。
樹屋開始打轉。
轉得越來越快，越來越快！
然后，一切都平靜了。
絕對的平靜！四周一點聲音也沒有，任何細微的聲音都沒有。

佳句摘抄

Day5中國元素

中國虛擬人

Accompanied by the background sounds of Chinese traditional instruments, YuanxiChina Daily's digital employee—introduced the 9,000-year-old stone carvings （巖畫） from the Helan Mountains in Northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Oct. 14.

"The meeting between the virtual human and Chinese traditional culture is quite interesting,” an Internet user commented. With the rise of the metaverse (元宇宙）,virtual humans have become a growing phenomenon in China. According to a research report by QbitAI,it is estimated that the overall market size of China's virtual humans will reach 270 billion yuan by 2030. Though they are not real,these virtual beings share similar identities with us and serve in different fields of our daily lives,including education,broadcasting,and business. For example,in June 2021, Hua Zhibing,a virtual human who can write poetry,was officially registered as a student at Tsinghua University. Throughout the 2022 Winter Olympics,China's first AI sign language presenter served hearing-impaired (有聽力障礙的） audiences 24/7 ：

Due to their perfect image and interesting set-ups, some virtual humans even get a large number of fans and become idols in real life. Luo Tianyi is one of them. As a virtual singer, Luo has over 5 million followers on Sina Weibo. When she held a concert in Shanghai in 2018, more than 10,00o fans waved glow sticks and cheered for her. Gao Yu ,a fan of Luo,told Economic Information Daily that “just like chasing human idols, Luo's fans also hold birthday parties for her and buy the products she promotes. "

While the future of virtual humans seems promising,problems also lurk （隱藏著) underneath. As the novelty wears off, some followers are getting tired of virtual humans' never-changing expressions. “No matter how lifelike these virtual influencers look,they're still not real people. It's a little scary," Gigi You,23,from Guangdong,told Insider. Studies also showed that their “perfect" faces and “perfect" lives which humans are unable to achieve can also trigger anxiety and depression in individuals.

1. What can we learn about Yuanxi?

A.She is the first digital employee in China.
B. She played Chinese traditional instruments.
C. She covered stories about stone carvings.
D. She was designed to promote traditional Chinese culture.

2.Why is Hua Zhibing mentioned in paragraph 2?

A.To show the popularity between humans and virtual humans.

B.To illustrate the similarities between humans and virtual humans.
C. To describe the characteristics of virtual humans.
D. To explain the importance of virtual humans in our lives.

3. What does Gigi You think of virtual idols?

A. They lose appeal quickly.
B. They are too good to be true.
C. They can make people anxious.
D. They are never as real as humans.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了虛擬人的應用以及人們對虛擬人的看法。

譯文助讀

在傳統中國樂器的背景聲音的伴奏下,元曦—《中國日報》的數字員工—于10月14日介紹了來自中國西北寧夏回族自治區賀蘭山的擁有9000年歷史的巖畫。

“虛擬人物與中國傳統文化的相遇非常有趣，”一位網友評論道。隨著元宇宙的興起，虛擬人物在中國成為一種日益普遍的現象。根據QbitAI的一份研究報告，預計到2030 年，中國虛擬人物的整體市場規模將達到2700億元。雖然他們不是真實存在的，但這些虛擬人物與我們有著相似的身份,服務于我們日常生活的不同領域，包括教育、廣播和商業。例如,2021年6月，能夠寫詩的虛擬人物華智冰正式注冊成為清華大學的學生。在整個2022年的冬季奧運會期間，中國第一位人工智能手語播報員全天24小時為聽力障礙觀眾提供了服務。

由于虛擬人完美的形象和有趣的人設，一些虛擬人甚至在現實生活中擁有大量粉絲并成為偶像。洛天依就是其中之一。作為一名虛擬歌手,洛天依在新浪微博上的粉絲超過 500萬。當她在2018年于上海舉辦演唱會時，超過一萬名粉絲揮舞著熒光棒為她歡呼。洛天依的粉絲高宇告訴《經濟參考報》：“就像追逐真人偶像一樣，洛天依的粉絲們也會為她舉辦生日派對并購買她推廣的產品。”

雖然虛擬人的未來似乎充滿希望,但問題也在其中。隨著新鮮感的消退，一些粉絲對虛擬人一成不變的表情感到厭倦。“無論這些虛擬影響者看起來多么逼真，他們畢竟不是真人。這有點可怕。”來自廣東的23歲的尤琪琪告訴《知情者》。研究還表明，他們的“完美”面容和“完美”生活是人類不能實現的，這也可能會引發個體的焦慮和抑郁。

【答案自查】

1.C細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Yuanxi—China Daily's digital employee—introduced the 9,000-year-old stone carvings from the Helan Mountains in Northwest China's Ningxia Hui autonomous region on Oct.14”可知,元曦報道了關于巖畫的故事。故選C。
2.B推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Though they are not real,these virtual beings share similar identities with us and serve in different fields of our daily lives, including education,broadcasting,and business.”可推知,提到華智冰是為了說明虛擬人與人類的相 似之處。故選B。
3.D細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“‘No matter how lifelike these virtual influencer look,they're still not real people. It's a little scary,'Gigi You,23, from Guangdong,told Insider.”可知,無論這些虛擬網紅看起來多么逼真,他們仍然不是真人。這有點可怕。故 選 D。

Day 6 詞句回顧

遷移運用

詞匯采擷

\* Day 1

1. start-up n.初創公司
2. unique adj.獨特的；獨一無二的
3. native adj.土著的;本地的
4. survive v.存活;生存
5. involve v.包含；使參加；牽涉
6. transport \boldsymbol{*} 運輸；傳播 n. 運輸

\* Day 2

1.represent v.代表；象征；是
2. threat n.威脅;恐嚇
3.revolution n.變革；巨變
4. know-how n.專門知識；技能；實際經驗
5.robotics n.機器人學
6. necessarily adv.必然地；必定地；不可避免地

\* Day 3

1. double v.使加倍；是·…..·的兩倍
2. program v.編程n.節目；計劃；程序
3. marketable adj.可銷售的;有銷路的；市場的
4.advance n.前進；進展v.前進;增長;推進adj.預先的；提前的

5.interaction n.相互作用；相互影響；互
動交流
6. caregiver n.看護者
7. reshape v.重塑；改變.·.·的形狀
8. complex adj.復雜的；復合的

\* Day 4

1. yawn v.打哈欠
2. spell n.魔咒
3. sigh \mathit{v.}\ \&\ n .嘆氣;嘆息
4. shadow n. 影子；陰影
5. stream v.流動；流出；飄動 n.小河；（液；人；車；氣) 流;組

\* Day 5

1. accompany v.陪伴；伴隨；為...·伴奏
2.instrument n.樂器
3. virtual adj.虛擬的
4. comment \mathit{v.}\&\ \mathit{n.} 評論;解釋
5. phenomenon n.現象
6. register v.注冊;登記
n.登記表/簿
7. presenter n.主持人;提出者；呈獻者
8.influencer n.有影響的人(或事物)
9. trigger v.引發；觸發
n.扳機;誘因

短語串記

1.由teamup串記“v. + up”的短語(Day1)

team up (使)結成一對；合作；協作 take up 拿起;開始；從事；占用 pick up 撿起;接人;學到 break up 分裂，打碎 put up 舉起；張貼；提高；建造 tear up 撕碎

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

2.由come to life 串記含有“life"的短語（Day 1)

come to life 蘇醒過來；活躍起來 bring... back to life 使.····復活/蘇醒/充滿生機 live a good life過著美好的生活 a matter of life and death 生死攸關的事 run for your life快跑啊 the love of one's life 一生摯愛

3.由setout串記含有“set"的短語（Day4)

多維探究

I.一詞多義

1.present n .禮物；現在adj．出席的；現在的；當前的；存在的 \mathit{v}. 提出；捐贈；呈現；使發生；使經歷(Day 1)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)According to our present ideas of physics,nothing can travel faster than light.
(2)He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday present.
(3) He insists on being present at the important meeting of the company.
(4)We should like to present some suggestions which would help settle the question. (5)There's no certain cure for this illness at present.
(6)The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight.
(7)They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
(8） The extreme conditions that the Earth is facing because of climate change present challenges of how we manage food security in the future.

2.relative adj.相對的;比較的;相比之下存在(或有)的;關于.….…的n.親戚(Day 1)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)They are now living in relative comfort.
(2)Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
(3) He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative.
(4)The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper.
(5)Acording to a plant biologist, even after losing more than 95 per cent of its relative water content,the dead-looking grass remains alive and continues to grow when provided with water.

3. figure n .圖；表;數字；身材；體形；身段；人物;輪廓；人影；塑像 \mathit{v.} 是重要部分;認為,認定;計算(Day 4)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)She always had a good figure.
(2)My feelings about the matter didn't seem to figure at all.
(3)They figured it was better to stay where they were.
(4)Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.
(5) He was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.
(6)Jack opened his eyes. He saw a figure in the moonlight.

Ⅱ.熟詞生義

picture［熟義］n.照片;電影;描述;圖畫[生義］v.想象;畫;描述;描繪(Day 2)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)The movie is the fourth movie nominated for Best Picture.
(2)This book gives a good picture of life in China 100 hundred years ago.
(3)You should picture the brilliant future ahead of us.
(4) The artist used red and orange to picture the sunset.
(5)The optimists pictured “a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create,” according to Aaron Smith,the report's co-author.

Ⅲ.詞匯變形

1.considerv.考慮；思考；認為 \bf{\sigma}\to adj.考慮周到的；體諒的；體貼的 \rightarrow adj.重要的；相當大的 \rightarrow n.考慮；體諒

2.accessn.人口；通道；（使用或見到的)機會；權利v.進人；使用 \rightarrow adj.可到達的；易接近的；可進人的；易理解的 \rightarrow adv.可接近地；可親地；通達情理地 \rightarrow n.可以得到;易接近

3.occupyv.占用；占領；任職；使忙于 \rightarrow adj.被占領的；使用中的；忙的 \rightarrow n.職業;占領

4.createv.創造；造成 \rightarrow adj.創造(性)的;創作的 \rightarrow n.創造性；創造力

5.optimistic adj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的 \rightarrow n.樂觀主義者 \bf{\sigma}\to n.樂觀主義

6. employ \boldsymbol{v}. 雇用；使用 \rightarrow adj.被雇用的；使用的 \rightarrow adj.失業的 \rightarrow n.雇員 \rightarrow n.雇主 \rightarrow n.職業;就業;使用 \rightarrow n.失業;失業人數

7.assist \boldsymbol{\upsilon}. .幫助；協助 \rightarrow adj.副的;助理的 n .助手，助理，助教 \rightarrow n.幫助;授 助;支持

8.identifyv.確認；認出；發現 \rightarrow n.一致；身份；特征 \rightarrow n.確認；身份證明

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

難句研讀

1. Although there have always been unemployed people,when we reached a few billion people, there were billions of jobs. (Day 2)

[剖析]此句是主從復合句，Although引導 從句，主句又是一個主從復合句，when
引導 從句，主句是
[翻譯]

2. Accompanied by the background sounds of Chinese traditional instruments, Yuanxi—China Daily's digital employee—introduced the 9,000-year-old stone carvings （巖畫） from the Helan Mountains in Northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region on Oct. 14. (Day 5)

[剖析]此句是 ,句子的主干是 ,Accompaniedby...是過去分詞短語作

[翻譯]

參考答案

【多維探究】

I\:.1.(1)a d j. 當前的 (2)n. 禮物（3)adj.出席的 (4)v. 提出 (5)n 現在 (6)v. 呈現 (7)v. 捐贈 (8)\tau. 使發生；使經歷 2.(1)a d j .相比之下存在(或有)的(2)adj.相對的 (3)n .親戚 (4)a d j .關于·····的 (5)a d j ，相對的 3.\ (1)n .身材；體形；身段 (2)v. 是 重要部分 (3)v. 認為，認定 (4)n. 圖；表 (5)n 人物 (6)n .輪廓；人影
style\prod.(1)n. 電影 (2)n. 描述 (3)v. 想象 (4)v. 畫 (5)v. 描述;描繪
. 1. considerate;considerable; consideration 2. accessible;accessibly; accessibility 3. occupied; occupation 4. creative; creativity 5. optimist; optimism 6. employed; unemployed; employee; employer; employment; unemployment 7. assistant; assistance 8. identity;identification

【難句研讀】

1.剖析：讓步狀語；時間狀語；therewerebillionsof jobs翻譯：盡管一直有失業者，但是當人口達到數十億時，就有數十億個工作崗位。:.剖析：簡單句；Yuanxiintroducedstonecarvings;狀語翻譯：在傳統中國樂器的背景聲音的伴奏下,元曦—《中國日報》的數字員工—于10月
14日介紹了來自中國西北寧夏回族自治區賀蘭山的擁有9000年歷史的巖畫。

主題5 創意建筑

Day 1 時文在線

環保建筑材料

Concrete has served as the foundation stone of the construction industry for hundreds of years. However, the process of producing concrete is one of the most environmentally unfriendly processes in the world. In the process,not only is carbon dioxide released into the air by the energy used to heat the limestone(石灰石),but the limestone itself also gives out a huge amount of the element.

Luckily,a number of start-ups throughout the world are using creative thinking to make the construction industry a whole lot more friendly for the planet.

A Canadian company called CarbonCure has found a way to inject (注人） concrete with carbon dioxide itself. Not only does this trap the carbon dioxide into the concrete,keeping it from running away into the atmosphere, but it also creates a super strong material called calcium carbonate, which reduces the total amount of concrete that needs to be used.

California-based Brimstone, is creating carbon negative concrete by doing away with limestone entirely and instead using silicate （硅酸鹽） rock,a material that does not release carbon dioxide when heated. Instead,the process produces magnesium (鎂）,which absorbs carbon dioxide,as the basis for their concrete.

Additionally,researchers at Australia's RMIT University have recently released a study showing that adding coffee grounds instead of sand to concrete could make it much stronger, reducing both the amount of sand used,as well as the amount of concrete that would need to be used in the final product.

The biggest barrier at this point is convincing members of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according to Stacy Smedley,director at a nonprofit focused on decarbonizing construction.

1. What is the environmental issue associated with traditional concrete production?

A. The high demand for energy.
B. The processing of waste materials.
C. The mass release of carbon dioxide.
D. The use of non-renewable resources.

2.How does CarbonCure deal with the environmental impact of concrete production?

A.By using silicate rock as the basis.
B. By putting carbon dioxide into concrete.
C. By replacing sand with coffee grounds.
D.By absorbing carbon dioxide with magnesium.

3. According to Smedley,what is the major challenge facing these solutions?

A. Difficulty in making profits.
B. Convincing the public of the convenience.
C. Lack of funding for research.
D. Removing the industry members’ safety concerns.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To promote an alternative to concrete.
B. To advocate environmental protection.
C. To introduce new ways to produce concrete.
D. To emphasize the significance of creativity.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了建筑混凝土生產對環境的嚴重影響，以及一些公司和學者通過創新思維研究出的新的建筑材料和生產方法，以減少混凝土生產過程中的二氧化碳排放,并推動建筑行業向更環保的方向轉變。

譯文助讀

數百年來，混凝土一直是建筑行業的基石。然而，混凝土的生產過程是世界上最不環保的過程之一。在這個過程中，不僅用于加熱石灰石的能源會向空氣中釋放二氧化碳，而且石灰石本身也會釋放出大量的這種元素。

幸運的是，全球許多初創企業正在運用創造性思維，讓建筑行業對地球更加友好。

一家名為CarbonCure 的加拿大公司找到了一種向混凝土中注入二氧化碳的方法。這不僅將二氧化碳封存在混凝土中，防止其逸散到大氣中，而且還生成了一種名為碳酸鈣的超強材料，從而減少了需要使用的混凝土總量。

總部位于加利福尼亞州的Brimstone公司，通過完全摒棄石灰石,改用硅酸鹽巖石來制造碳負混凝土。硅酸鹽巖石這種材料在加熱時不會釋放二氧化碳。相反，該過程會產生能吸收二氧化碳的鎂，并將其作為混凝土的基礎材料。

此外，澳大利亞皇家墨爾本理工大學的研究人員最近發布了一項研究，該研究表明在混凝土中加入咖啡渣而非沙子，能使其強度大大提高,這既減少了沙子的使用量，也降低了最終產品所需的混凝土用量。

一家專注于建筑行業脫碳的非營利組織的經理Stacy Smedley表示，目前最大的障礙是讓業內人士相信新型混凝土的使用是安全的。

【答案自查】

1.C細節理解題。根據第一段中的“In the process,not only is carbon dioxide released intothe air by the energy used to heat the limestone,but the limestone itself also gives out ahuge amount of the element.”可知,與傳統混凝土生產相關的環境問題是二氧化碳釋放到空氣中。故選C。
2.B細節理解題。根據第三段中的“A Canadian company called CarbonCure has found away to inject concrete with carbon dioxide itself.”可知，通過將二氧化碳放入混凝土中，CarbonCure解決了混凝土生產對環境的影響。故選B。
3.D細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“The biggest barrier at this point is convincingmembers of the industry that the new types of concrete are safe to be used,according toStacy Smedley...”可知,根據Smedley的說法,消除業內人士的安全擔憂是這些解決方案面臨的主要挑戰。故選D。
4.C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了建筑混凝土生產對環境的嚴重影響，以及一些公司和學者通過創新思維研究出的新的建筑材料和生產方法，以減少混凝土生產過程中的二氧化碳排放,并推動建筑行業向更環保的方向轉變。故文章的目的是介紹生產混凝土的新方法。故選C。

紐約大都會藝術博物館保安回憶錄

All the Beauty in the World,Patrick Bringley's memoir （回憶錄）about his 10 years working as a guard at New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation".

Bringley is not the only staffer at The Met to write about the institution. But Bringley's guard's-eye view is unique,and he presents his personal story with sincerity. After his brother Tom's death in 2008,Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere". He explains,"I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense,I didn't wish to move at all. "

All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen facts about the museum to support Bringley's personal tale. The Met opened in 1880 and has since expanded to more than 2. 5 million square feet —- “the size of about 3,000 average New York apartments". The “salmon run （鮭魚洄游） of visitors” that goes up the Grand Staircase every morning when the museum opens adds up to a crowd of nearly 7 million visitors a year.

Interesting as these facts are,it's Bringley's reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs,sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute （體現） to the power of art. He think that sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that. In the Vermeer's portrait (肖像） of a dozing maidservant, he is moved to see that the artist captured “that feeling we sometimes have that a private setting possesses a holiness (神圣） of its own. It was my constant feeling in Tom's hospital room."

As rich in moving insights as The Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not about art,but from it and finding peace into art. This is art appreciation at a deep level.

1.WhatsetsAlltheBeautyintheWorld apart from other books written by The Met staffers?

A. The author's unique writing perspective.
B. The author's opinions on artworks.
C. Its focus on historical facts and truth.
D. Its detailed introduction to the paintings.

2. What caused Bringley to change his job according to his words?

A.His hobby from childhood.
B. His failure as a journalist.
C. Loss of his beloved brother.
D. His ambition of being great.

3. How does Bringley present information about The Met in his memoir?

A.By interviewing retired staff members.
B.By relating museum facts to his personal life.
C.By recording the number of daily visitors yearly.
D. By researching the background of each masterpiece.

4. What can be the best title for this passage?

A. Finding Peace in Art B. Reflecting on Life with Art C. Little-known Facts about The Met D. Inner Worlds of the Famous Artists

閱讀參考

1語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在紐約大都會藝術博物館擔任十年保安工作的Patrick Bringley所著的回憶錄《這世間一切的美》。該書記錄了他在紐約大都會藝術博物館當保安時的所見所感，為“藝術欣賞”一詞帶來了新的意義。

譯文助讀

《這世間一切的美》是Patrick Bringley的回憶錄，講述了他在紐約大都會藝術博物館（TheMet)擔任保安的十年經歷，為“藝術欣賞”一詞帶來了新的意義。

Bringley并非唯一一位撰寫關于該博物館文章的大都會工作人員。但他的保安視角獨具特色，他真誠地講述了自己的個人故事。2008年，他的哥哥湯姆去世后,Bringley辭去了記者工作，找了一份“我樂于原地踏步”的工作。他解釋道：我失去了親人。我不想從那種悲痛中走出來。從某種意義上說，我根本不想動彈。”

《這世間一切的美》精心選取了關于博物館的一些事實，來支撐Bringley的個人故事。大都會于1880年開館，此后面積擴展到超過250萬平方英尺—“大約相當于3000套普通紐約公寓的大小”每天早上博物館開門時，如“鮭魚洄游般”涌上大樓梯的參觀者，一年累計可達近700萬。

這些事實固然有趣，但真正讓這本書成為對藝術力量的頌歌的，是Bringley對幾十幅個人繪畫、照片、雕塑和古代文物的深刻感悟。他認為有時候我們需要得到許可，來讓自己停下去欣賞事物，而一件藝術品就能給予我們這種許可。在Vermeer描繪一位打盹女仆的畫像中，他感動地發現，畫家捕捉到了“那種我們有時會有的感覺，即一個私密的場景本身就具有一種神圣感。這也是我在湯姆病房里常有的感覺”。

《這世間一切的美》蘊含著深刻動人的見解，就如同大都會博物館藏有豐富的珍寶一樣。它提醒我們，重要的不是學習藝術，而是從藝術中學習，并在藝術中尋得安寧。這才是深層次的藝術鑒賞。

【答案自查】

1.A細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Bringley is not the only staffer at The Met to writeabout the institution. But Bringley's guard's-eye view is unique, and he presents hispersonal story with sincerity.”可知,作者獨一無二的寫作視角是讓這本書有別于其他大都會藝術博物館工作人員所寫的書的地方。故選A。2.C細節理解題。根據第二段中的“After his brother Tom's death in 2008,Bringley gave up his jobas a journalist...”可知,Bringley決定換工作是因為他心愛的哥哥去世了。故選C。3.B細節理解題。根據第三段中的“All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen factsabout the museum to support Bringley's personal tale.”可知,Bringley 在回憶錄中把博物館的事實與自己的個人生活連接起來，從而向讀者呈現博物館的信息。故選B。4.A標題歸納題。本文首尾呼應,講述了Patrick Bringley根據自己在紐約大都會藝術博物館當保安的10年經歷，為“藝術欣賞”一詞帶來了新的意義，即不要學習藝術，而是要從藝術中學習，尋找藝術中的平靜。由此可推測出，A項“在藝術中尋找平靜”最適合作本文標題。故選A。

Day3國際視野

羅馬斗獸場

The Roman Colosseum was built almost two thousand years ago. Despite its age and a 14th century earthquake that knocked down the south side,most of the 150-plus-foot building is still standing. Scientists and engineers have long suspected a key to the building's durability (使用年限)is the use of a specific Roman concrete. But exactly how this solid concrete has contributed to the architecture's strength has been a mystery to researchers across the globe.

A team of researchers recently discovered a potential answer to why these ancient Roman buildings have been able to weather the test of time while many modern concrete structures seem to fall apart after a few decades. The answer is self-healing concrete.

The material has three components: limestone, volcanic material and water. What the researchers found was that the self-healing feature might be simply caused by chemistry accidentally. The limestone in the concrete is likely the secret.

When the ancient Romans made mortar(灰漿）,they heated up the lime (石灰） to turn it into a substance called “quicklime". And, because they introduced water to the quicklime during mixing,the heat it produced set up a chemical foundation that could strengthen the concrete later. When tiny cracks start to form later,the quicklime can stop them from becoming bigger. When it rains,the lime reacts with the water to recombine as various forms of calcium carbonate(碳酸鈣）,quickly filling the crack or reacting with the volcanic ash to "heal" the material.

For materials scientist Ainissa Ramirez, this new understanding of ancient Roman concrete is a welcome discovery. “This is one way that the material can be more environmentally friendly," says Ramirez.

“It's sort of like a message in a bottle. The Romans made the material. We had to kind of figure out how they did it so that we can make better materials—and then,you know,in turn, be better protectors of our environment. "

1. What can we learn from paragraph 1?

A. The secret of Roman concrete has been revealed.
B. The Roman Colosseum was built in the 14th century.
C. The whole Roman Colosseum survived the earthquake.
D. Roman concrete is essential to the architecture's strength.

2. What does the underlined word “weather" in paragraph 2 mean?

A.Take. B.Stand. C.Avoid. D.Fail.

3. What do we know about the self-healing process?

A.The lime itself could fill the crack later.

B. The quicklime should be made on rainy days.
C. The chemical foundation could weaken the concrete.
D. Combining water and quicklime would produce heat.

4.What can be inferred from Ramirez's words?

A. People can be inspired to make greener materials.
B. The secret of Roman concrete is hidden in a bottle.
C. Roman concrete has greatly improved the environment.
D. Roman concrete is popular in making modern architecture.

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了古羅馬斗獸場經久不倒的原因。研究發現或許因為其可以自身修復的混凝土結構。

譯文助讀

羅馬斗獸場建于近兩千年前。盡管年代久遠，且在14世紀的一場地震中南側塌，但這座150多英尺高的建筑大部分依然屹立不倒。長期以來，科學家和工程師們一直猜測，這座建筑經久耐用的關鍵在于使用了一種特殊的羅馬混凝土。但這種堅固的混凝土究竟是如何增強建筑結構強度的，一直是全球研究人員的一個未解之謎。

最近，一組研究人員發現了一個可能的答案，解釋了為何這些古羅馬建筑能夠經受住時間的考驗，而許多現代混凝土結構似乎在幾十年之后就開始崩塌。答案就是自修復混凝土。

這種材料由三種成分構成：石灰石、火山物質和水。研究人員發現，其自修復特性可能只是源于偶然的化學反應。混凝土中的石灰石很可能就是其中的奧秘所在。

古羅馬人制作灰漿時，會將石灰加熱，使其變成一種名為“生石灰”的物質。而且，在混合過程中他們向生石灰中加水，由此產生的熱量引起了一種化學基礎，該反應在日后能夠增強混凝土的強度。當后來出現微小裂縫時，生石灰會阻止裂縫擴大。下雨時，石灰與水發生反應，重新結合形成各種形式的碳酸鈣，迅速填充裂縫，或者與火山灰發生反應，以“修復”材料。

對于材料科學家Ainissa Ramirez來說,對古羅馬混凝土的這一新認識是一個令人欣喜的發現。“這是使材料更環保的一種途徑，"Ramirez說。

“這有點像瓶中信。羅馬人制造了這種材料。我們得弄清楚他們是怎么做的，這樣我們就能制造出更好的材料——然后，你知道，反過來，我們也能更好地保護我們的環境。”

【答案自查】

1. D細節理解題。根據第一段中的“But exactly how this solid concrete has contributed to the architecture's strength has been a mystery to researchers across the globe. "可知,古羅 馬混凝土對建筑的強度至關重要。故選D。
2.B詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“..．weather the test of time while many modern concrete structures seem to fall apart after a few decades.”可知,古羅馬建筑可以很久不崩 塌,經得住時間的考驗。因此,畫線詞 weather 意為“經受住”,與 stand 意思一致。故選 B。
3.D細節理解題。根據第四段中的“And,because they introduced water to the quicklime during mixing,the heat it produced set up a chemical foundation that could strengthen the concretelater.”可知，混合水和生石灰會產生熱量。故選D。
4.A推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The Romans made the material.We had to kind of figure out how they did it so that we can make better materials..."可推知,我們可以從羅 馬人制作的這種混凝土材料中汲取靈感，去制作對環境友好的材料。故選A。

Day 4 經典名著

《巴黎圣母院》（節選）

The church of Notre-Dame de Paris is still no doubt a majestic and sublime edifice. But, beautiful as it has been preserved in growing old,it is difficult not to sigh, not to wax indignant,before the numberless degradations and mutilations which time and men have both caused the venerable monument to suffer, without respect for Charlemagne, who laid its first stone,or for Philip Augustus, who laid the last.

On the face of this aged queen of our cathedrals,by the side of a wrinkle,one always finds a scar. Tempus edax,homo edacior; which I should be glad to translate thus:time is blind,man is stupid.

If we had leisure to examine with the reader,one by one,the diverse traces of destruction imprinted upon the old church,time's share would be the least,the share of men the most, especially the men of art,since there have been individuals who assumed the title of architects during the last two centuries.

And,in the first place,to cite only a few leading examples,there certainly are few finer architectural pages than this facade, where, successively and at once, the three portals hollowed out in an arch; the broidered and dentated cordon of the eight and twenty royal niches;the immense central rose window,flanked by its two lateral windows,like a priest by his deacon and subdeacon;the frail and lofty gallery of trefoil arcades, which supports a heavy platform above its fine, slender columns; and lastly,the two black and massive towers with their slate penthouses, harmonious parts of a magnificent whole, superposed in five gigantic stories— develop themselves before the eye, in a mass and without confusion, with their innumerable details of statuary, carving, and sculpture, joined powerfully to the tranquil grandeur of the whole;a vast symphony in stone,so to speak;the colossal work of one man and one people,all together one and complex,like the Iliads and the Romanceros, whose sister it is;prodigious product of the grouping together of all the forces of an epoch, where,upon each stone,one sees the fancy of the workman disciplined by the genius of the artist start forth in a hundred fashions;a sort of human creation,in a word,powerful and fecund as the divine creation of which it seems to have stolen the double character— variety,eternity.

And what we here say of the facade must be said of the entire church;and what we say of the cathedral church of Paris,must be said of all the churches of Christendom in the Middle Ages. All things are in place in that art, self-created, logical, and well proportioned. To measure the great toe of the foot is to measure the giant.

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

Let us return to the facade of Notre-Dame,as it still appears to us, when we go piously to admire the grave and puissant cathedral, which inspires terror, so its chronicles assert: quoe mole sua terrorem incutit spectantibus.

Three important things are today lacking in that facade:in the first place,the staircase of eleven steps which formerly raised it above the soil; next,the lower series of statues which occupied the niches of the three portals;and lastly the upper series,of the twenty-eight most ancient kings of France, which garnished the gallery of the first story, beginning with Childebert,and ending with Philip Augustus,holding in his hand “"the imperial apple. "

Time has caused the staircase to disappear,by raising the soil of the city with a slow and irresistible progress; but, while thus causing the eleven steps which added to the majestic height of the edifice,to be devoured, one by one, by the rising tide of the pavements of Paris,— time has bestowed upon the church perhaps more than it has taken away,for it is time which has spread over the facade that sombre hue of the centuries which makes the old age of monuments the period of their beauty.

But who has thrown down the two rows of statues? Who has left the niches empty? Who has cut,in the very middle of the central portal,that new and bastard arch? Who has dared to frame therein that commonplace and heavy door of carved wood,a la Louis XV. ,beside the arabesques of Biscornette? The men,the architects,the artists of our day.

And if we enter the interior of the edifice, who has overthrown that colossus of Saint Christopher, proverbial for magnitude among statues, as the grand hall of the Palais de Justice was among halls, as the spire of Strasbourg among spires? And those myriads of statues, which peopled all the spaces between the columns of the nave and the choir, kneeling, standing, equestrian, men, women, children, kings, bishops, gendarmes, in stone, in marble,in gold,in silver, in copper, in wax even, —-who has brutally swept them away? It is not time.

And who substituted for the ancient gothic altar,splendidly encumbered with shrines and reliquaries,that heavy marble sarcophagus, with angels' heads and clouds, which seems a specimen pillaged from the Val-de-Grace or the Invalides? Who stupidly sealed that heavy anachronism of stone in the Carlovingian pavement of HerCandus? Was it not Louis XIV. , fulfilling the request of Louis Xl. ?

And who put the cold, white panes in the place of those windows,"high in color", which caused the astonished eyes of our fathers to hesitate between the rose of the grand portal and the arches of the apse? And what would a sub-chanter of the sixteenth century say, on beholding the beautiful yellow wash, with which our archiepiscopal vandals have desmeared their cathedral? He would remember that it was the color with which the hangman smeared "accursed" edifices;he would recall the Hotel du Petit-Bourbon,all smeared thus, on account of the constable's treason.“Yellow,after all,of so good a quality," said Sauval,"and so well recommended,that more than a century has not yet caused it to lose its color." He would think that the sacred place had become infamous,and would flee.

And if we ascend the cathedral, without mentioning a thousand barbarisms of every sort,—what has become of that charming little bell tower, which rested upon the point of intersection of the cross-roofs,and which,no less frail and no less bold than its neighbor (also destroyed) ,the spire of the Sainte-Chapelle,buried itself in the sky,farther forward than the towers,slender,pointed,sonorous,carved in open work. An architect of good taste amputated it (1787),and considered it sufficient to mask the wound with that large,leaden plaster, which resembles a pot cover.

Tis thus that the marvellous art of the Middle Ages has been treated in nearly every country,especially in France. One can distinguish on its ruins three sorts of lesions,all three of which cut into it at different depths;first,time, which has insensibly notched its surface here and there,and gnawed it everywhere,next,political and religious revolution, which, blind and wrathful by nature, have flung themselves tumultuously upon it, torn its rich garment of carving and sculpture, burst its rose windows, broken its necklace of arabesques and tiny figures,torn out its statues, sometimes because of their mitres, sometimes because of their crowns; lastly, fashions, even more grotesque and foolish, which, since the anarchical and splendid deviations of the Renaissance,have followed each other in the necessary decadence of architecture. Fashions have wrought more harm than revolutions. They have cut to the quick; they have attacked the very bone and framework of art;they have cut, slashed,disorganized, killed the edifice,in form as in the symbol,in its consistency as well as in its beauty. And then they have made it over;a presumption of which neither time nor revolutions at least have been guilty. They have audaciously adjusted, in the name of “good taste", upon the wounds of gothic architecture,their miserable gewgaws of a day,their ribbons of marble,their pompons of metal, a veritable leprosy of egg-shaped ornaments, volutes, whorls, draperies, garlands, fringes,stone flames, bronze clouds, pudgy cupids, chubby-cheeked cherubim, which begin to devour the face of art in the oratory of Catherine de Medicis,and cause it to expire,two centuries later,tortured and grimacing,in the boudoir of the Dubarry.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

《巴黎圣母院》是法國文學家維克多·雨果創作的長篇小說，1831年1月14日首次出版。該書以1482年路易十一統治下的法國為背景，描述了吉卜賽女郎與圣母院教堂副主教弗洛羅、棄兒卡西莫多之間的糾葛，人物的真、善、美和假、惡、丑皆被放大。

譯文助讀

巴黎圣母院這座教堂如今依舊是莊嚴宏偉的建筑。它雖然日漸老去,卻依舊是非常美麗。但是人們仍然不免憤慨和感嘆，看到時間和人使那可敬的紀念性建筑遭受了無數損傷和破壞，既不尊重給它放上第一塊石頭的查理曼大帝，也不把給它放上最后一塊石頭的菲利浦·奧古斯特皇帝放在眼里。

在這位教堂皇后衰老的面部,我們經常在一條皺紋旁邊發現一個傷疤。“Tempus edax,homo edacior.”我們不妨把這句拉丁文譯成“時間盲目，人類愚蠢”。

假若我們有工夫同讀者去一一觀察這座古代教堂身上的各種創傷，我們就可以看出，時間帶給它的創傷，還不如人——尤其那些搞藝術的人—帶給它的多呢。我說“搞藝術的人”，這是最恰當不過的，因為最近兩個世紀以來，有些家伙竟然號稱建筑藝術家。

先舉幾個比較顯著的例子吧。確實很少有別的建筑比得上它的前墻那么漂亮。那三個挖成尖拱形的大門道,那一排有二十八位穿著舊的繡花長袍的君王的神龕，正中間有個巨大的玫瑰花飾圓窗洞，兩旁各有一個小窗護衛著，就像祭師和助祭師陪伴著神父一樣。那高大而秀氣的三葉形回廊，它的平頂被一些小柱子支撐著。最后還有那兩座默黑笨重的巨大鐘塔，連同它們那石板的屋檐，在整體的宏偉中又各各協調，依次分為五大層展現在你的眼前，雖然擁擠卻并不混亂,連同無數的雕刻、塑像以及雕鏤裝飾,很適合它整體的莊嚴偉大。可以說是一部規模宏大的石頭交響樂。它是人類和民族的巨大工程，它也像它的姐妹《伊利亞特》和《羅曼賽羅》這兩篇杰作一樣，整個建筑既單一又復雜。它是整個時代各種力量的奇特的產物，從每塊石頭上可以看出,有水平的工匠在藝術家天才的啟發下把神奇變成了現實。總之，它是人類的一種創造，像神的創造一樣又有力又豐富，仿佛具備著兩重性格：既永恒又多變。

我們所講的關于這座教堂的前墻的這些情況，實際上應該說整座教堂都是這樣。我們所說的關于這座巴黎大教堂的情況，實際上應該說中世紀所有的基督教教堂都是這樣。這類藝術所保持的一切都存在于它本身，合乎邏輯而又自成比例。量一量巨人的腳趾,也就等于量巨人的全身了。

還是來說圣母院的前墻吧，就照它如今呈現在我們眼前的情況來說吧。當我們正要虔誠地瞻仰這座莊嚴宏偉的大教堂的時候，它卻像某些編年史家所說的：“用它的龐大把觀眾嚇住了。”

它的前墻如今早已失去三件重要東西。第一件是往昔把它從地基加高的那十一級階梯；第二件是三個大門道下部的壁龕里成排的塑像；第三件是二樓回廊上的二十八位法國古代君王的塑像，從西爾得倍爾到手里拿著帝國疆域球儀的菲利浦·奧古斯特。

是時間把舊城區的地平線不可抗拒地慢慢升高，使得那座階梯消失不見了。巴黎路面的這種升高的浪潮，雖然把那使教堂顯得更加巍峨宏偉的十一級階梯逐漸吞沒,但時間所給予它的，也許倒要比從它奪去的多些。把那種經歷了幾個世紀的幽暗色調給了它的前墻，使它的老年處于最美麗時期的，正是時間。

然而，把那兩排塑像打壞了的是誰？把那些壁龕弄空了的是誰？在中央那個大門道的正當中修了一個新的粗劣尖拱的是誰？膽敢在比斯戈耐特的阿拉伯花紋旁邊筑起了這道笨重難看的路易十五式木雕門的是誰？那是人,是建筑師們，是我們這一代的藝術家們。

假若我們走進這座建筑里面去看看，又是誰把巨大的克利斯朵夫的塑像翻倒了的？它是同類型像中公認的典范，正如殿堂中的皇宮大殿，鐘塔里的斯特拉斯堡尖塔一樣。還有，在教堂的本堂和唱詩室里，在許多柱子之間那千萬個小雕像，有跪著的，站著的，騎馬的，有男人、女人、兒童、帝王、主教和警察,有石頭刻的,大理石刻的,有用金、銀、銅甚至蜜蠟制造的。把它們粗魯地毀掉了的是誰？那并不是時間。

是誰把那富麗堂皇的堆滿了圣龕和圣物龕的哥特式祭壇，換成了刻著天使的頭顱和片片云彩的笨重的大理石棺材，使它看起來就像慈惠谷女修院或殘廢軍人療養院拆散了的模型一樣？是誰把刻錯了年代的笨重的石頭，嵌進了艾爾康居斯修筑的加洛林王朝的石板路？難道不是路易十四為了完成路易十三的夙愿才這樣干的嗎？

是誰用一些冷冰冰的白色玻璃窗，代替了大門道頂上的圓花窗和半圓形后殿之間的那些曾令我們父輩目眩神迷的“色彩濃艷”的玻璃窗？要是十六世紀的唱經人看到我們那些汪達爾大主教們用來粉刷他們的大教堂的黃色灰粉，又會怎么說呢？他會想起那是會子手涂在牢房里的那種顏色，他會想起小波旁宮由于皇室總管的叛變也給刷上了那種顏色。“那畢竟是一種質量很好的黃粉”，正如索瓦爾所說，“這種粉真是名不虛傳，一百多年也沒能使它掉色。”唱經人會認為那神圣的地方已經變成不潔的場所，因而逃跑開去。

假若我們不在數不清的野蠻跡象上停留，徑直走上這座大教堂的屋頂，人們把那挺立在樓廊交點處的可愛的小鐘樓弄成什么樣子了？這座小鐘樓的纖細和大膽不亞于旁邊圣禮拜堂的尖頂(同樣也毀壞了),它比旁邊的兩座鐘塔更加突出在天空下，挺拔、尖峭、剔透而且鐘聲洪亮。它在一七八七年被一位具有“好鑒賞力”的建筑師截斷了，他認為只要用一大張鍋蓋似的鉛皮把傷痕遮住就行啦。

中世紀的卓絕藝術就是這樣在各國被處置，尤其是在法國。我們從它們的遺跡上，可以看出它們遭受的三種傷害以及受害的三種不同程度：首先是時間，它使得教堂到處都有輕微的裂，并且剝蝕了它的表面。其次是政治和宗教的改革，它們以特有的瘋狂和憤怒向它沖去，剝掉它到處是塑像和雕刻的華麗外衣，打破它的圓花窗，扭斷它的鏈條式花紋,有的是阿拉伯式的,有的是一串肖像;搗毀它的塑像,有時是出于宗教的因素，有時是出于政治的因素。最后是那些越來越笨拙荒誕的時新樣式，它們那從“文藝復興”以來的雜亂而華麗的傾向，在建筑藝術的必然衰敗過程中代代相因。時新樣式所給它的損害，比改革所給它的還要多。這些樣式徹頭徹尾地傷害了它，破壞了藝術的枯瘦的骨架，截斷，砍傷，肢解，消滅了這座教堂，使它的形體不合邏輯，不美觀，失去了象征性。隨后，人們又重新去修建它。時間和改革至少還沒有如此放肆，憑著那種“好鑒賞力”，它們無恥地在這座哥特式建筑的累累傷痕上裝飾著短暫的毫無藝術趣味的東西,那些大理石紐帶和那些金屬的球狀裝飾,那些相當惡劣的橢圓形、渦形、螺旋形,那些惟慢,那些花飾,那些流蘇,那些石刻的火焰、銅鑄的云彩、肥胖的愛神以及浮腫的小天使,所有這一切，使得卡特琳·德·梅迪西的祈禱室的裝飾失去了藝術價值，而在兩個世紀之后，在杜巴里的客廳里，藝術又備受折磨，變得奇形怪狀而終于一命鳴呼。

Day5中國元素

福建土樓

Tulou, a special residential architecture of Fujian Province, was included on the UNESCO's World Heritage List during the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee in Quebec,Canada.

In the fourth century, Han Chinese living in the Central Plains area began to migrate(遷 移)south,gradually gathering in Fujian and forming the Hakka communities. As a defence against enemies,the Hakkas chose to live in compact(緊湊的)communities,and the tulou was their preferred house. Tens of thousands of such earthen structures were constructed in Fujian Province.

Most tulous are to be found in the valleys,surrounded by high mountains,and some are in the depths of the great mountains. Most are three to four storeys high,and look like circular blockhouses(堡壘). Rooms on the first floor are used as kitchens,rooms on the second floor are used as barns(谷倉),and rooms on the third and fourth floors are for bedrooms and living rooms. For defensive purposes,the rooms on the first floor have no windows.

Raw materials for the tulou were obtained locally. Their main building material was a mixture of clay,sand,lime (石灰) and water,and egg whites,brown sugar and rice water were added as adhesive agents(黏合劑). It was then mixed to form the walls. Once they dried,the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have been difficult. Fir branches,which are extremely strong and do not rot, were used to strengthen them,and many centuries later they have remained their original look.

Tulous are located in a region where earthquakes happen frequently,and their circular construction helps them resist the regular shocks.

The proven design even inspired one famous Peruvian architect, who paid several visits to Yongding,to build a tulou back home. Not long after,an earthquake struck only 10 kilometers away,and while all the houses around the earthen building fell down,his tulou remained.

1. From the passage, we know that tulou

A. is a special residential architecture of Han Chinese in Fujian even today
B.was once the place where the Hakkas chose to live together
C.is also modern people's preferred house
D. looks like circular blockhouses but easy to fall down in the earthquake

2. From the second to the third paragraph, we can infer that

A.most tulous are to　be found in urban area
B. Hakkas might live an organized and harmonious life
C.people lived on the second floor in the tulou
D.no windows are on the first floor to keep the tulou strong

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Hakkas built tulous when they lived in the Central Plains area.
B. Raw materials for the tulou were obtained from far away.
C. It is difficult to dig a hole into the walls of the tulou.
D. Fir branches may help them resist the regular shocks.

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. One of UNESCO's World Heritage List
B.The Function of Tulous
C. Yongding County and the Hakkas
D. The Special Earthen Architecture of Fujian

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了福建特殊的住宅建筑——土樓。

譯文助讀

土樓是福建省一種特別的住宅建筑，在加拿大魁北克舉行的第三十二屆世界遺產委員會上,被列入聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產名錄。

在四世紀時，居住在中原地區的漢族人開始向南遷移，逐漸聚集在福建，形成客家社群。為防御敵人，客家人選擇住在緊湊的社區里，土樓是他們首選的房子。數以萬計的這種土制結構在福建省建成。

大部分的土樓位于山谷中,周圍都是高山，有些在大山深處。大多數有三、四層樓高，看起來像圓形堡。一樓的房間用作廚房，二樓的房間用作谷倉，三樓和四樓的房間是臥室和起居室。出于防御目的，一樓的房間沒有窗戶。

土樓的原料可以就地取材。它們的主要建筑材料是黏土、沙子、石灰和水的混合物，并加入蛋清、紅糖和米湯作為黏合劑，然后把它混合砌成墻。一旦它們干了，墻就變得如此地堅硬，以至于人們很難將釘子釘進土墻。杉樹的枝條非常強壯，不會腐爛，可以對土樓起到加固的作用，許多世紀以后它們也仍然保持原來的樣子。

土樓位于地震頻發地區，它們的圓形構造有助于抗擊頻繁的震動。

這個經過驗證的設計甚至啟發了一位著名的秘魯建筑師，他幾次訪問永定，回家后也建造了一個土樓。不久之后,10公里外發生了一場地震,周圍的房屋都倒塌了，他的土樓卻然不倒。

【答案自查】

1.B細節理解題。根據第二段中的“As a defence against enemies,the Hakkas chose to live in compact communities,and the tulou was their preferred house."可知,為了防御敵人,客 家人選擇共同居住在土樓里。故選B。
2.B推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“the Hakkas chose to live in compact communities... Tens of thousands of such earthen structures were constructed in Fujian Province"可知,這 樣大規模的樣式一致的房子建在一起且人們也都住在一起，說明客家人過著有組織的、和 諧的生活。故選B。
3.C細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Once they dried,the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have been difficult.”可知，土墻一旦干了，人們就很難將釘子釘進土 墻，人們在土墻上挖一個洞也就很難了。故選C。
4.D標題歸納題。通讀全文,并結合第一段“Tulou,a special residential architecture of Fujian Province,was included on the UNESCO's World Heritage List..."可知,本文主要 介紹了福建的特殊住宅建筑——土樓，它已被列入聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產名錄，故 選 D。

Day 6 詞句回顧 遷移運用

詞匯采

\* Day 1

1. foundation n.基礎
2. process n.過程，進程 v.加工
3. release \boldsymbol{v},\boldsymbol{E}_{\boldsymbol{n}} .釋放
4. element n.元素；要素
5.concrete n.混凝土 adj.具體的

\* Day 2

1. appreciation n.理解；欣賞；感激
2. expand v.(使)擴大,增加;擴展
3. reflection n.映像；深思；反映
4.individual adj.個別的；個人的
5.adore v.喜愛；熱愛；愛慕
6. capture v.俘虜；捕獲；捕捉

\ast Day 3

1. suspect v.猜想;懷疑 n.嫌疑犯 2. solid adj.固體的；結實的 3. substance n.物質

4. crack v.(使)破裂 n.裂縫

\* Day 4

1. majestic adj.雄偉的,壯麗的
2. preserve v.維護;保留；保存;保鮮
3. sigh v.嘆息，嘆氣
4. wrinkle n.皺紋
5. leisure n.空閑，閑暇
6.cite v.引證，引用
7. massive adj.巨大的;強烈的
8.substitute v.代替；取代
n.代替者；代替物

\* Day 5

1. residential adj.住宅區的
2.committee n.委員會
3. defence n.保護,防御
4. earthen adj.土制的;陶制的
5. circular adj.圓形的；循環的
6.rot v. (使)腐爛
n.腐爛
7. region n.區域
8. resist v.反抗，抵御,抵抗

短語串記

1.由giveup串記含有“give"的短語（Day2)

2.由knockdown串記含有“down”的短語（Day3）

多維探究

I.一詞多義

1.absorbv.吸收;理解；吸引(Day1)

_自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1) Researchers aim to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide.
(2)Judy lay on the sofa,absorbed in her book.
(3)It's a lot of information to absorb all at once.

2. appreciation n .欣賞；體諒；感謝；評估[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義

(1)She shows little appreciation of good music.
(2)Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
(3)1 had no appreciation of the problems they faced.

Ⅱ.熟詞生義

suspectv.[熟義］猜想；懷疑［生義］n.嫌疑犯(Day3)

[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義

(1)I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine. (2)Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery. (3)Who do you suspect?

Ⅲ.詞匯變形

1. convince \boldsymbol{v}. 使確信；使信服 \rightarrow adj.令人信服的 \rightarrow adj.堅信；深信

2. appreciate \boldsymbol{v}. 理解；欣賞；感激 \rightarrow n.理解；欣賞；感激 \rightarrow adj.欣賞的；感激的

3. reflect \boldsymbol{*}\boldsymbol{v}. 反映；反射；顯示；思考 \rightarrow n.映像；反映；深思 \mathbf{\rightarrow} adj.反光的；深思的

4.strength n.體力；強度；優點，長處 \rightarrow v.加強；增強 \mathbf{\rightarrow} adj.強健的,堅強的→ adv.堅定地;強烈地

5. adore \mathit{v.} 喜愛；熱愛；愛慕 \rightarrow n.敬慕；愛慕 \rightarrow adj.可愛的；討人喜歡的

6.assume.假定，假設 \rightarrow n.假定，假設 \rightarrow conj.假設......為真

7.harmony n.和諧 \rightarrow adj.和諧的；和睦的 \rightarrow adv.和諧地

8. fulfil \boldsymbol{*}\boldsymbol{v}. 實現；履行；執行 \rightarrow n.滿足（感）；實現 *^{-} adj.令人滿足的

9.sufficientadj.充足的，足夠的 \rightarrow n.充足，足夠 \mathbf{\rightarrow} adu.充足地,充分地

10.hesitatev.猶豫， \rightarrow n.猶豫 \rightarrow adj.猶豫的，遲疑的 \rightarrow adv.猶豫地,遲疑地

11. sincerity n .真摯，真誠 \rightarrow adj.真誠的；誠摯的；誠實的 \rightarrow adu.真誠地;誠實地

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

難句研讀

1. The “salmon run of visitors" that goes up the Grand Staircase every morning when the museum opens adds up to a crowd of nearly 7 million visitors a year. (Day 2)

[剖析]此句是主從復合句,主句主語為 The“salmon run of visitors”,后接一個 that 引導的從句，謂語動詞為
[翻譯]

2. A team of researchers recently discovered a potential answer to why these ancient Roman buildings have been able to weather the test of time while many modern concrete structures seem to fall apart after a few decades. (Day 3)

[剖析]本句是主從復合句,主語為 A team of researchers,賓語為 a potential answer。to 后接一個why引導的 從句，在該從句中，又包含一個while連接的并列句，對比了these ancient Romanbuildings 和

[翻譯]

3. Once they dried,the walls were so hard that driving a nail into them would have beer difficult. (Day 5)

[剖析]本句是主從復合句，once意為“ ",引導的是條件狀語從句。主句主語為 the walls,后接（so...）that引導的 。would have been difficult 意為“ ”,是情 態動詞would + have done 構成的虛擬語氣，表達對過去的可能性推測。 [翻譯]

參考答案

【多維探究】

I.1.(1)吸收（2)吸引（3)理解2.（1)欣賞（2)感謝 (3)體諒
Ⅱ. (1)v. 猜想 (2)n .嫌疑犯 (3)v. 懷疑
. 1. convincing;convinced 2. appreciation;appreciative 3. reflection;reflective 4. strengthen;strong;strongly 5. adoration;adorable 6. assumption;assuming 7. harmonious; harmoniously 8. fulfilment;fulfilling 9. sufficiency;sufficiently 10. hesitation;hesitant;hesitantly 11. sincere;sincerely

【難句研讀】

1.剖析:定語;adds up to翻譯：每天早上博物館開門時,如“鮭魚洄游般"涌上大樓梯的參觀者，一年累計可達近700萬。
2.剖析:賓語;many modern concrete structures翻譯：最近，一組研究人員發現了一個可能的答案,解釋了為何這些古羅馬建筑能夠經受住時間的考驗，而許多現代混凝土結構似乎在幾十年之后就開始崩塌。

3.剖析：一旦；結果狀語從句；將會很難翻譯：一旦它們干了，墻就變得如此地堅硬，以至于人們很難將釘子釘進土墻。

主題6 詩歌繪畫

Day 1 時文在線

哈寧創作的空白畫框

A mirror coated in red paint, a banana stuck to the wall with tape, and an unseen sculpture—these are just a few of the abstract artworks that have recently sold for surprising amounts. Now, Dutch artist Jens Haaning has taken the genre to a whole new level. His appropriately named “TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN" masterpiece, consisting of two empty frames,has set a local museum back 84,000$ 一

Earlier this year,the Kunsten Museum in Aalborg appointed Haaning to create two pieces for their coming “Work It Out" exhibit. According to their written agreement,the artist would use the 84,000$ lent to him by the museum to reproduce two of his previous artworks about labor. The first,An Average Austrian Year Income ,displayed euro bills on a canvas (畫布） in a framework, while the second,focusing on Danish incomes, did the same using krone notes. But when the museum opened the boxes the artist sent before the exhibit's opening,they found two blank frameworks titled “TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN".

The museum officials admit that Haaning's artwork is unique. But museum director Lasse Andersson expects the artist to fulfill his contractual （合同的） duty and return the money when the exhibition ends.“I absolutely want to give Haaning the right to say that a new work has been created in its own right," Andersson told Danish Radio.“But that is not the agreement we had. "

However, Haaning thinks his artwork is perfect for the exhibit, which examines the relationship between art and labor. He argues that the empty canvases stressed the unfair working conditions of many artists,including himself. He says the museum's 2,300$ pay for the artworks was not even enough to cover his costs.“The work is that I have taken their money,” he told Danish Radio.“It's not theft. It is a breach (違背） of contract,and a breach of contract is part of the work. "

1. What does the underlined word “genre” in paragraph 1 mean?

A. Theory. B. Quality.
C. Number. D. Style.

2.What did Kunsten Museum intend Haaning to do with 84,000?$

A. To organize “Work It Out” well.
B. To produce his former works again.
C. To create fine arts about labor.
D. To copy An Average Austrian Year Income.

3.What is Lasse Andersson's attitude to Haaning's work “TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN"?

A. Approving. B. Dissatisfied.
C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A.A Surprising Exhibition B.A Humorous Artist C. An Unsettled Agreement D. Two Blank Canvases

閱讀參考

■語篇導讀

本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了哈寧創作了兩個空白的畫框，使得他的抽象藝術水平達到了一個全新的高度并因此與博物館之間產生了分歧。

譯文助讀

一面涂上紅色油漆的鏡子,用膠帶粘在墻上的香蕉，以及一個看不見的雕塑—這些只是一些最近以驚人價格售出的抽象藝術作品。現在，荷蘭藝術家延斯·哈寧將這一流派提升到了一個全新的高度。他那名為“拿錢跑路”的杰作由兩個空畫框組成，讓當地一家博物館損失了8.4萬美元！

今年早些時候，奧爾堡的昆斯滕博物館任命哈寧為他們即將推出的“想出辦法”展覽創作兩件作品。根據他們書面協議，藝術家將利用博物館借給他的8.4萬美元，復刻他以前的兩件關于勞動的作品。第一件作品《奧地利人平均年收入》在畫架內展示了歐元鈔票，而第二件作品則聚焦于丹麥人的收入，用丹麥克朗鈔票展示了同樣的內容。但是，當博物館在展覽開幕前打開藝術家寄來的箱子時，他們發現兩個空白的畫框上寫著“拿錢跑路”。

博物館官員承認哈寧的藝術作品是獨特的。但是博物館館長萊塞·安德森希望藝術家履行合同義務并在展覽結束后歸還錢款。“我絕對想賦予哈寧說一件新作品已經獨立創作出來的權利，”安德森告訴丹麥廣播電臺。“但這不是我們達成的協議。”

然而，哈寧認為他的藝術作品非常適合這個展覽，該展覽探討了藝術與勞動之間的關系。他爭辯說這些空畫布強調了許多藝術家，包括他自己，所面臨的不公平的工作條件。他說，博物館支付的2300美元的報酬甚至不足以支付他的成本。“這件作品就是我拿走了他們的錢，”他告訴丹麥廣播電臺。“這不是偷竊。這是違反合同，違反合同就是作品的一部分。”

【答案自查】

1. D詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“His appropriately named‘TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN’ masterpiece, consisting of two empty frames, has set a local museum back 84,000$ !"可知，這里說的是哈寧把這種抽象創作的風格帶到了全新的水平，“genre”意 思是“風格”。故選D。
2.B細節理解題。根據第二段中“According to their written agreement,the artist would use the 84,000$ lent to him by the museum to reproduce two of his previous artworks about labor.”可知,博物館想讓哈寧去復制他以前的兩件關于勞動的作品。故選B。
3.B觀點態度題。根據第三段中“The museum officials admit that Haaning's artwork is unique. But museum director Lasse Andersson expects the artist to fulfill his contractual （合同的）duty and return the money when the exhibition ends.”可知,安德森對哈寧的創 作是不滿意的，并且這樣的做法并不符合合同。故選B。
4.D標題歸納題。根據第一段中“His appropriately named‘TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN’ masterpiece, consisting of two empty frames, has set a local museum back 84,000$ !"并結合全文可知，本文主要圍繞哈寧創作的兩個空白畫框而展開的，故選D。

Day 2 以文化人

安妮·弗蘭克的詩

A lost poem by Anne Frank that she wrote shortly before she and her family went into hiding from the Nazis has been unearthed (找到） more than 70 years later. The previouslyunseen eight-line poem was penned (寫） by the Jewish schoolgirl for the sister of her closest friend on March 28, 1942. She wrote it,aged 12, in a book belonging to Christiane Van Marssen,the younger sister of her best friend Jacqueline.

Anne Frank was born in 1929 in Frankfurt, Germany, but her family fled the Nazis in 1933,moving to Amsterdam where her father worked in the fruit extract business. But in 1940,the Netherlands was occupied by the Nazis and the family were once again under threat because they were Jews.

The newly found poem was written in Dutch, begins “Dear Cri-cri",and seems to be giving homely advice to the younger girl. It reads:

I f you did not finish your work properly,and lost precious time ,then once again take up your task ,and try harder than before. If others have reproached you,for what you have done vwrong ,then be sure to amend your mistake. That is the best memory one can make.

Cri-cri died 10 years ago and her sister has now put the poem up for auction, where it is expected to fetch around 50,000 euros (f 42,000).

Her diary was left behind when the hiding place was eventually discovered by Dutch collaborators （通敵者） in August 1944,who handed them over to the occupying German Army in 1944.

The family ended up in a concentration camp and Anne died in February or March 1945. But her father Otto, who survived the camps,returned to the house in Amsterdam and found Anne's diary, which had been kept by a Dutch friend,Miep Gies.

Anne Frank's diary,an account of her life in hiding, was published in 1947 and became a global sensation,being translated into 67 languages. The director of Dutch auction house Bubb Kuyper Auctions, which is selling the poem this week, said:"The poem is very simple but very significant because it is very rare. "

1. Who was the poem written for by Anne?

A. Her good friend living in Amsterdam.
B. A Dutch friend living in Frankfurt.
C. Cri-cri's sister Jacqueline.
D. Jacqueline's younger sister.

2. Anne wrote the poem to the receiver to suggest her

A. finishing homework as early as possible B.controlling the temper facedwithblame C. valuing time and correcting mistakes once told

D. remembering to correct mistakes in life and study

3. Which word can replace the underlined word “reproach" in the poem?

A. Bury. B. Sell.
C. Blame. D. Examine.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A.A lost poem by Anne Frank unearthed.
B. Anne Frank's another famous poem.
C. Approaching to Anne Frank's poems.
D. Welcome to Anne Frank's new poetry.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了安妮·弗蘭克在她和家人躲避納粹前不久寫的一首遺失的詩。

譯文助讀

安妮·弗蘭克在和家人躲避納粹之前寫的一首遺失的詩在70多年后被發現了。這首先前未被發現的八行詩是這位猶太學校女生在1942年3月28日為她最親密的朋友的妹妹寫的。當時12歲的她把這首詩寫在克里斯蒂娜·范瑪爾森的書里，是她最好的朋友杰奎琳的妹妹。

安妮·弗蘭克1929年出生于德國法蘭克福，但她的家人在1933年為躲避納粹，搬到了阿姆斯特丹，她的父親在那里經營水果生意。但在1940年，荷蘭被納粹占領，這個家庭因為他們是猶太人而再次受到威脅。

這首新發現的詩是用荷蘭語寫的，以“親愛的克里-克里”開頭，似乎是給這個年輕女孩一些建議。詩的內容是：

如果你沒有好好完成工作,而且浪費了寶貴的時間，那么再次拿起你的任務，比以前更加努力。如果別人責備你，對于你所做的錯事，那么一定要改正你的錯誤。這是一個人能做的最好的回憶。

克里-克里十年前去世，她的妹妹現在已經把這首詩拿出來拍賣，她預計能拍到5萬歐元（4.2萬英鎊）。

在1944年8月，他們的藏身處最終被荷蘭通敵者發現，然后在1944年他們被交給了當時占領荷蘭的德國軍隊，但是日記被遺留了下來。

這家人最終被送進了集中營，安妮于1945年2月或3月去世。但她的父親奧托幸存了下來，回到阿姆斯特丹的家,發現了安妮的日記,是荷蘭朋友梅普·吉斯代為保存的。

安妮·弗蘭克的日記記錄了她的躲藏生活，并于1947年出版，成了全球轟動的作品，被翻譯成67種語言。本周拍賣這首詩的荷蘭拍賣行Bubb Kuyper Auctions的負責人說：“這首詩非常簡單，但意義非凡，因為非常罕見。”

【答案自查】

1. D細節理解題。根據第一段中的“She wrote it,aged 12,in a book belonging to ChristianeVan Marssen,the younger sister of her best friend Jacqueline.”可知,安妮的這首詩是寫給杰奎琳的妹妹的。故選D。
2.C推理判斷題。根據文章中詩的內容可知，安妮給收信人寫了這首詩，建議她珍惜時間，糾正錯誤。故選C。
3.C詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句的下一句“what you have done wrong"可知,人們會對于你做的錯事指責你，由此推知畫線詞reproached的意思是“責備”。故選C。
4.A主旨大意題。根據第一段第一句并結合下文詩的內容可知，文章主要是關于安妮·弗蘭克的一首遺失的詩。故選A。

Day 3 國際視野

藝術家吉姆·德內文的沙畫

Jim Denevan is an amazing artist whose work is admired by many people,but owned by none—that's because all of Jim's art is created on an unusual canvas (畫布)—the soft sand. He sometimes spends days working on a piece,only to see it washed away by the sea or a storm and that is just the way he likes it.

Jim discovered his artistic talents about ten years ago, when he was walking aimlessly on the beach with a stick. He ended up drawing a 12-foot-long fish. Since then, Jim has traveled over 1,800 miles while creating over 600 pieces of sand art.

Over the years,his drawings have become bigger,but the tools he uses haven't changedall he needs is a stick,a garden rake (耙） and most importantly,his lively imagination!

Just like any good artist,Jim is quite particular about the quality of his canvas,sometimes walking for miles,in search of perfect sand. His latest piece of work was created in the desert of Nevada. It took Jim three trips,eight days and over 100 miles of walking to create this 3- mile work of art. It took the storm just one night to destroy it. However,Jim says he actually enjoys watching the waves or rain wash his paintings away.

Jim's art has become very popular over the years and was even the topic of a documentary named Sandman in 2005. Jim Denevan is not just a sand artist—he is also an excellent cook and started an organization called “Outstanding in the Field", whose motto is to celebrate food at its source. Therefore,group dining events are alway held outdoors on farms, with the diners can treat to a delicious meal. The events, which are held in different farms throughout America,are always sold out every time the schedule is announced.

1. What do we know about Denevan?

A. He used to be a cook.
B. He has the gift for creating sand art.
C. He is eager to put his work on show.
D. He showed artistic talents at a very young age.

2.What can we learn from the text?

A.It is not hard for Denevan to find suitable sand.
B. Denevan is very particular about his drawing tools.
C. Denevan walks a lot to complete his work at times.

D. Denevan's works usually remain for a long time.

3. What does Denevan enjoy about his work according to the text?

A. Walking a long distance.
B. Waiting for the storm to come.
C. Looking for a suitable canvas.
D. Watching nature destroy his work.

4. Which of the following can best describe Denevan?

A. Creative. B. Generous.
C. Open-minded. D. Traditional.

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了著名的沙畫藝術家吉姆·德內文及他的創作經歷。

譯文助讀

吉姆·德內文是一位了不起的藝術家，他的作品受到許多人的贊賞，但沒有人能擁有因為吉姆所有的畫都是在一種不同尋常的畫布上創作的——柔軟的沙灘。他有時會花上幾天時間創作一幅畫，然后看著它被浪或風暴沖走，而這正是他所喜歡的。

大約在十年前吉姆發現了他的藝術天賦，當時他正拿著一根棍子在海灘上漫無目的地走著。結果他畫了一條12英尺長的魚。從那時起，吉姆在創作沙畫的過程中已經走1800多英里，創作了600多件作品。

多年來，他的畫作變得越來越大，但他使用的工具卻沒有變化 —他僅需要一根棍子、一把園藝耙，最重要的是，他那充滿活力的想象力！

就像任何一位優秀的藝術家一樣，吉姆對畫布的質量相當挑剔，有時為了尋找完美的沙子甚至走上好幾里。他的最新作品是在內華達州的沙漠中完成的。為了完成這件3英里長的藝術品，吉姆前后共去了三次，花了八天時間，走了100多英里。而風暴只用了一個晚上就把它毀掉了。然而，吉姆說，實際上，他喜歡看著海浪或雨水把他的畫沖刷掉。

多年來，吉姆的沙畫藝術變得非常有名，甚至在2005年成為了一部紀錄片《沙人》的主題。吉姆·德內文不僅僅是一位沙畫藝術家—他還是一位出色的廚師，并且創辦了一個名為“田野杰出者”的組織，其座右銘是慶祝食物的來源。因此，他們會在農場里舉辦戶外集體用餐活動，用餐者可以享受美味。這些活動在美國各地的農場舉行，每次一公布時間表，名額就立刻被搶購一空。

【答案自查】

1.B細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Jim Denevan is an amazing artist whose work isadmired by many people,but owned by none—that's because all of Jim's art is created onan unusual canvas—the soft sand.”可知,吉姆·德內文的沙畫作品受到許多人的喜歡,再結合第二段可知，他有創作沙畫的天賦，因此才會創造出受歡迎的沙畫。故選B。
2.C細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Just like any good artist,Jim is quite particular aboutthe quality of his canvas,sometimes walking for miles,in search of perfect sand."可知,吉姆對畫布的質量非常挑剔,有時會走上數英里,尋找完美的沙子，由此可知，吉姆有時要走很多路才能完成他的作品。故選C。
3.D細節理解題。根據第四段中的“However,Jim says he actually enjoys watching thewaves or rain wash his paintings away.”可知，吉姆喜歡看海浪或雨水把他的畫沖走，由此可知，吉姆喜歡看著大自然破壞他的作品。故選D。
4.A推理判斷題。根據全文內容,尤其是第三段可知,他用一根棍子、一把園藝耙就能創造出許多優秀的沙畫，是個有創造力的人。故選A。

Day 4 經典名著

《紅樓夢》(節選）

Chen Shih-yin,in a vision,apprehends perception and spirituality — Chia Yi-ts'un, in the (windy and dusty) world , cherishes fond thoughts of a beautiful maiden.

This is the opening chapter. Subsequent to the visions of a dream which he had,on some previous occasion,experienced,the writer personally relates,he designedly concealed the true circumstances,and borrowed the attributes of perception and spirituality to relate this story of the Record of the Stone. With this purpose,he made use of such designations as Chen Shih-yin (truth under the garb of fiction） and the like. What are,however,the events recorded in this work? Who are the dramatis personae? Wearied with the drudgery experienced of late in the world,the author speaking for himself, goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Passing one by one under a minute scrutiny,I felt that in action and in lore,one and all were far above me;that in spite of the majesty of my manliness,I could not,in point of fact,compare with these characters of the gentle sex.And my shame forsooth(實在;的確）then knew no bounds;while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy. On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile,in a connected form,for publication throughout the world,with a view to (universal) information, how that Ibear inexorable(無情的）and manifold(多方面的）retribution(報應）;inasmuch as what time,by the sustenance of the benevolence(慈悲） of Heaven,and the virtue of my ancestors,my apparel was rich and fine,and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty(慷慨） of education and nurture of father and mother,and paid no heed(注意;留心） to the virtue of precept and injunction(指令）of teachers and friends,with the result that I incurred the punishment,of failure recently in the least trifle,and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There have been meanwhile,generation after generation,those in the inner chambers,the whole mass of whom could not,on any account,be,through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction,in order that I,unfilial(不孝的） as I have been,may have the means to screen my own shortcomings. Hence it is that the thatched(茅草） shed, with bamboo mat windows,the bed of tow and the stove of brick, which are at present my share,are not sufficient to deter me from carrying out the fixed purpose of my mind. And could I, furthermore,confront the morning breeze,the evening moon,the willows by the steps and the flowers in the courtyard, methinks these would moisten to a greater degree my mortal pen

英語·選擇性必修第一冊

with ink;but though I lack culture and erudition, what harm is there, however, in employing fiction and unrecondite language to give utterance to the merits of these characters? And were I also able to induce the inmates of the inner chamber to understand and spread them,could I besides break the weariness of even so much as a single moment,or could I open the eyes of my contemporaries,will it not forsooth prove a boon(恩惠)?

This consideration has led to the usage of such names as Chia Yu-ts'un and other similar appellations. More than any in these pages have been employed such words as dreams and visions; but these dreams constitute the main argument of this work, and combine, furthermore,the design of giving a word of warning to my readers.

Reader, can you suggest whence the story begins? The narration may border on the limits of incoherency(松散）and triviality(瑣事）,but it possesses considerable zest.But to begin.

The Empress Nu Wo, (the goddess of works,） in fashioning blocks of stones,for the repair of the heavens,prepared,at the Ta Huang Hills and Wu Ch'i cave,36,501 blocks of rough stone,each twelve chang in height,and twenty-four chang square. Of these stones,the Empress Wo only used 36, 500; so that one single block remained over and above, without being turned to any account. This was cast down the Ch'ing Keng peak. This stone,strange to say,after having undergone a process of refinement,attained a nature of efficiency,and could, by its innate(內在的） powers,set itself into motion and was able to expand and to contract. When it became aware that the whole number of blocks had been made use of to repair the heavens,that it alone had been short of the necessary properties and had been unfit to attain selection,it forthwith felt within itself shame,and day and night,it gave way to bitterness and sorrow.

One day, while it lamented(悲嘆） its lot,it suddenly caught sight,at a great distance,of a Buddhist bonze and of a Taoist priest coming towards that direction. Their appearance was uncommon,their easy manner remarkable. When they drew near this Ch'ing Keng peak,they sat on the ground to rest,and began to converse. But on noticing the block newly-polished and brilliantly clear, which had moreover contracted in dimensions,and become no larger than the pendant(懸垂） of a fan,they were greatly filled with admiration. The Buddhist priest picked it up,and laid it in the palm of his hand. “Your appearance," he said laughingly,“may well declare you to be a supernatural object,but as you lack any inherent quality it is necessary to inscribe a few characters on you, so that every one who shall see you may at once recognize you to be a remarkable thing. And subsequently,when you will be taken into a country where honour and affluence(富裕） will reign,into a family cultured in mind and of official status,in a land where flowers and trees shall flourish with luxuriance,in a town of refinement,renown and glory; when you once will have been there..."The stone listened with intense delight. “What characters may I ask," it consequently inquired,"will you inscribe? and what place will I be taken to pray, pray explain to me in simple terms.” “You mustn't be inquisitive,” the bonze replied, with a smile,"in days to come you'll certainly understand everything." Having concluded these words,he forthwith put the stone in his sleeve,and proceeded leisurely on his journey,in company with the Taoist priest. Whither, however, he took the stone, is not divulged.

Nor can it be known how many centuries and ages elapsed,before a Taoist priest,K'ung K'ung by name, passed, during his researches after the eternal reason and his quest after immortality(不朽),by these Ta Huang Hills, {W}{u} Ch'i cave and Ch'ing Keng Peak. Suddenly perceiving a large block of stone,on the surface of which the traces of characters giving,in a connected form,the various incidents of its fate, could be clearly deciphered(辨認),K'ung K'ung examined them from first to last. They, in fact, explained how that this block of worthless stone had originally been short of the properties essential for the repairs to the heavens,how it would be changed into human form and introduced by Mang Mang the High Lord,and Miao Miao,the Divine,into the world of mortals,and how it would be led over the other bank (across the San Sara). On the surface,the record of the spot where it would fall, the place of its birth,as well as various family trifles and trivial love affairs of young ladies, verses,odes,speeches and enigmas(迷） was still complete; but the name of the dynasty and the year of the reign were obliterated(擦去）,and could not be ascertained(確定的).

On the obverse, were also the following enigmatical verses:

Lacking in virtues meet the azure(蔚藍的）skies to mend,

In vain the mortal world full many a year I wend,

Of a former and after life these facts that be,

Who will for a tradition strange record for me?

This then, and no other, is the origin of the Record of the Stone. The poet says appositely:-

Pages full of silly litter,

Tears a handful sour and bitter;

All a fool the author hold,

But their zest who can unfold?

閱讀參考

語篇導讀

《紅樓夢》是清代作家曹雪芹的章回體長篇小說，中國古典四大名著之一，又名《石頭記》、《金玉緣》。《紅樓夢》是一部百科全書式的長篇小說。以寶黛愛情悲劇為主線，以四大家族的榮辱興衰為背景，描繪出18世紀中國封建社會的方方面面,以及封建專制下新興資本主義民主思想的萌動。結構宏大、情節委婉、細節精致,人物形象栩栩如生,聲口畢現,堪稱中國古代小說中的經典。

譯文助讀

甄士隱夢幻識通靈 賈雨村風塵懷閨秀

此開卷第一回也。作者自云：因曾歷過一番夢幻之后，故將真事隱去，而借“通靈”之說，撰此《石頭記》一書也。故日“甄士隱”云云。但書中所記何事何人？自又云：“今風塵碌碌，一事無成，忽念及當日所有之女子，一一細考較去，覺其行止見識皆出于我之上。何我堂堂須眉，誠不若彼裙釵哉？實愧則有馀，悔又無益之大無可如何之日也！當此，則自欲將已往所賴天恩祖德，錦衣紈之時，甘肥之日，背父兄教育之恩，負師友規訓之德，以至今日一技無成，半生潦倒之罪,編述一集，以告天下人:我之罪固不免，然閨閣中本自歷歷有人,萬不可因我之不肖，自護己短，一并使其泯滅也。雖今日之茅椽蓬，瓦灶繩床，其晨夕風露，階柳庭花，亦未有妨我之襟懷筆墨者。雖我未學，下筆無文，又何妨用假語村言，敷演出一段故事來，亦可使閨閣昭傳，復可悅世之目，破人愁悶，不亦宜乎？”故曰“賈雨村”云云。

此回中凡用“夢”用“幻”等字，是提醒閱者眼目，亦是此書立意本旨。

列位看官：你道此書從何而來？說起根由雖近荒唐，細按則深有趣味。待在下將此來歷注明，方使閱者了然不惑。

原來女媧氏煉石補天之時，于大荒山無稽崖煉成高經十二丈，方經二十四丈頑石三萬六千五百零一塊。媧皇氏只用了三萬六千五百塊，只單單剩了一塊未用,便棄在此山青埂峰下。誰知此石自經煉之后，靈性已通，因見眾石俱得補天，獨自己無材不堪入選，遂自怨自嘆，日夜悲號慚愧。

一日，正當嗟悼之際，俄見一僧一道遠遠而來，生得骨格不凡，豐神迥異，說說笑笑來至峰下,坐于石邊高談快論。先是說些云山霧海神仙玄幻之事,后便說到紅塵中榮華富貴;此石聽了，不覺打動凡心，也想要到人間去享一享這榮華富貴，但自恨粗蠢，不得已，便口吐人言，向那僧道說道：“大師，弟子蠢物,不能見禮了。適聞二位談那人世間榮耀繁華，心切慕之。弟子質雖粗蠢，性卻稍通；況見二師仙形道體，定非凡品，必有補天濟世之材，利物濟人之德。如蒙發一點慈心，攜帶弟子得入紅塵，在那富貴場中，溫柔鄉里受享幾年，自當永佩洪恩，萬劫不忘也。”二仙師聽畢，齊憨笑道：“善哉，善哉！那紅塵中有卻有些樂事，但不能永遠依恃，況又有‘美中不足，好事多磨”八個字緊相連屬，瞬息間則又樂極悲生，人非物換，究竟是到頭一夢，萬境歸空,倒不如不去的好。”這石凡心已熾,哪里聽得進這話去，乃復苦求再四。二仙知不可強制，乃嘆道：此亦靜極思動，無中生有之數也。既如此，我們便攜你去受享受享，只是到不得意時，切莫后悔。”石道：“自然，自然。”那僧又道：若說你性靈，卻又如此質蠢，并更無奇貴之處。如此也只好腳而已。也罷，我如今大施佛法助你助,待劫終之日,復還本質,以了此案。你道好否？”石頭聽了，感謝不盡。那僧便念咒書符，大展幻術，將一塊大石登時變成一塊鮮明瑩潔的美玉，且又縮成扇墜大小的可佩可拿。那僧托于掌上，笑道：“形體倒也是個寶物了！還只沒有實在的好處，須得再鐫上數字，使人一見便知是奇物方妙。然后攜你到那昌明隆盛之邦，詩禮簪纓之族，花柳繁華地，溫柔富貴鄉去安身樂業。”石頭聽了，喜不能禁，乃問：“不知賜了弟子那幾件奇處，又不知攜了弟子到何地方？望乞明示，使弟子不惑。”那僧笑道：“你且莫問，日后自然明白的。”說著，便袖了這石，同那道人飄然而去，竟不知投奔何方何舍。

后來，又不知過了幾世幾劫，因有個空空道人訪道求仙，忽從這大荒山無稽崖青埂峰下經過，忽見一大塊石上字跡分明，編述歷歷。空空道人乃從頭一看，原來就是無材補天，幻形入世,蒙茫茫大士、渺渺真人攜入紅塵,歷盡離合悲歡炎涼世態的一段故事。后面又有一首偈云：

無材可去補蒼天，枉入紅塵若許年。

此系身前身后事，倩誰記去作奇傳？

詩后便是此石墜落之鄉，投胎之處，親自經歷的一段陳跡故事。

并題一絕云：滿紙荒唐言，一把辛酸淚。都云作者癡，誰解其中味！

佳句摘抄

Day5中國元素

李白、杜甫“復活”了

Li Bai holds a wine cup in his hand, while Du Fu sits in front of a desk, writing poems on the paper in front of him. It's not that we have traveled to the past. Modern technology has brought them “back to life".

The two great poets, along with other humanoid robots, were presented at the 2023 World Robot Conference in late August in Beijing. They looked similar to real human beings.

“The skin is made of medical-grade bionic silicone(仿生硅膠）,which is why the skin looks soft and veins can be seen through it," CCTN explained in a video about Liaoning-based producer EXROBOTS. Goosebumps(雞皮疙瘩)and palm lines can also be seen on the arms and hands.

Researchers are also trying hard to create other features of humans on robots. A US robotics start-up Apptronik brought out its humanoid robot called Apollo on Aug. 23,2023. Apollo has around 30 muscles.

However,"humans have around 300 muscles in our bodies," Nick Paine,the co-founder of the company,told the media. For now, engineers can only simplify the muscles, allowing them to do basic movements like holding objects and walking.

The robot also contains cameras and sensors in its head,helping it map out a 360-degree view of its environment. They also help the robot keep balance when walking on uncertain surfaces.

Nowadays, bionic human-like robots mostly work with humans, as tour guides or by helping visitors at front desks. There are also robots that share the work of nurses, such as handing out medicine. This could be because people feel comfortable to live and work with machines that look or act like them. They can “strike a chord with people," a US robotics scientist Mare Raibert told the media. As more humanoid robots come out, safety will be the key,according to the Robot Report website. When a 70-kilogram robot breaks down and falls, humans nearby may be hurt.

1.What do we know about the robots of Li Bai and Du Fu?

A.They can learn from each other.
B. They look lifelike in every detail.
C. They can communicate with visitors.
D. They manage to compose original poems.

2.According to the text, what is the limitation of the robot Apollo?

A. It cannot perform complex movements.
B. It cannot keep balance on some surfaces.
C.It moves too slowly when holding objects.
D. It lacks the ability to tell people directions.

3.Why are most bionichuman-like robots currently working with humans?

A. They are as intelligent as humans.
B.People feel comfortable with them.
C. They understand human needs well.
D. People treat them as trustworthy friends.

4. What is a suitable title for the text?

A.Robots Play a Significant Role in Our Lives.
B. The World Robot Conference Is a Success.
C.Two Great Poets Got Revived Thanks to Technology.
D. New Technology Makes Humanoid Robots Possible.