該頁無縮略圖
Day 6 詞句回顧
遷移運用
詞匯采擷
\* Day 1
1. handle v.處理；對待；操作
2.record n.記錄
3.chew 7.咀嚼；嚼碎
4.digestive system消化系統
5.native adj.本國的;本土的;當地的
6. occasion n.場合；時機
7.sometime adj.以前的adv.某時；改天
\* Day 2
1. head v.前進；朝向
2. uplift n.振作；隆起；浮升力
3. push v.推力
4. gunshot n.槍擊
5. origin n.起源;出身
\* Day 3
2. field n.田地；領域
3. routine adj.常規的 n.常規
4. rare adj.稀有的；稀少的
5. investigate v.調查
6. significant adj.重要的；有意義的
\* Day 4
1. stroll {\boldsymbol{v}}.{\&}{n}. 漫步;閑逛
2. appetite n .胃口
3. incline v.（使)傾向于；向前彎；
(使)傾斜
4. proceed v.繼續
5.route n 路線
6. oblige v.迫使；使.....成為必要
\ast Day 5
1. wander n.漫步;閑逛；徘徊
2. overnight adj.整晚的;很快的
3. sensation n .轟動；激動
4. reserve n .保留地 \boldsymbol{*} 保留
5.habitat n .棲息地
1. maintenance n.維修；維護 6. migration n.遷徙
短語串記
1.由takeadvantageof串記“take十n.十介詞”的短語（Day2)
| take advantage of | 利用 | take hold of | 抓住，握住 |
| take care of | 照顾,照料 | take charge of | 负责,管理 |
| take notice of | 注意到，留意到 | take pride in | 以·…···为骄傲，自豪 |
| take account of | 考虑到,顾及 |
2.由without certainty 串記“without +n ."的短語（Day3)
| without certainty | 不确定 | without doubt | 无疑地 |
| without approval | 未经许可 | without surprise | 并不惊讶 |
| without trouble | 没遇到麻烦 |
英語·選擇性必修第一冊
多維探究
I.一詞多義
1. scene n .場景；情景；情節；景色；現場(Day3)
[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義
(1)The first scene of the play is the king's palace.
(2)A new chapter in a novel is something like a new scene in a play.
(3)He drew a picture of wintry scene.
(4)The terrible scene was engraved on his memory.
(5)Archaeological experts from Wychavon District Council were called to the scene...
2.observev.觀察；遵守；注意到；慶祝(Day4)
【自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義
(1) We have to observe carefully what's going on there.
(2)All citizens should observe traffic rules.
(3)In 1664 Hooke observed a reddish spot on the surface of the planet. (4)Do they observe Christmas?
Ⅱ.熟詞生義
find［熟義］.發現;找到;認為;覺得;感到［生義］n.發現;不可多得的人.裁決;判定(Day 3)
[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義
(1)How do you find your new job?
(2) Wherever you travel in Canada, you will find a warm-hearted welcome.
(3)We have found oil under the North Sea.
(4) He tried to find his own name in the list.
(5) My new secretary is very good;quite a find,in fact.
(6)Archaeological experts from Wychavon District Council... and immediately recognized the find's significance.
Ⅲ.詞匯變形
1.extinct adj.滅絕的；熄滅了的 \rightarrow n.滅絕
2.distribute v.分配；分銷；使分布 \rightarrow n.分布；分發；分配；分銷 \rightarrow n.經銷商；分銷商;分電器
3.present adj.出席的;現在的;當前的 n .禮物;現在v.提出；贈送;呈現 \rightarrow n.出席；存在;到場
4.determinev.決定;決心;確定 \rightarrow n.決定;確定
5. harm {\mathbf{\Omega}}_{n.}\operatorname{\&}{\mathbf{\Omega}}{\mathbf{\Omega}}^{} .危害；傷害;損害 \rightarrow adj.有害的 \rightarrow adj.無害的
6. inspire \boldsymbol{\upsilon}. 鼓舞；激發 \rightarrow adj.品質優秀的；能力卓越的 \rightarrow adj.啟發靈感的;激勵的;鼓舞人心的 \rightarrow n.靈感;鼓舞人心(的東西)
7.resist \boldsymbol{v}. .抵制；抵抗；反抗；忍住 \rightarrow n.抵抗；抵觸；反對；阻力
8. nation n .國家；民族 \rightarrow adj.民族的；國家的；全國性的；國有的 \rightarrow advu.全國性地;在全國范圍內
9. sense \boldsymbol{v}. 感覺；意識到 n. 感官；感覺 \rightarrow adj.明智的；合情理的；可覺察的 \rightarrow n. 感受能力；敏感→ n.無意識；無感覺
難句研讀
1. But a field in Worcestershire is exactly where workmen recently discovered what is thought to be a Roman road up to 2,000 years old! (Day 3)
[剖析]此句是主從復合句，where引導 從句，what引導 從句。
[翻譯]
2. A day or two after one of them told me that they wandered about the greater part of the night, close by their own premises,and did not get home till towards morning,by which time,as there had been several heavy showers in the meanwhile, and the leaves were very wet, they were drenched to their skins. (Day 4)
[剖析]此句是主從復合句,that引導的是 從句,by which time引導的是 從句,as引導的是 從句。
[翻譯]
參考答案
【多維探究】
I.1.(1)場景（2)情節（3)景色（4)情景（5)現場2.(1)觀察（2)遵守（3)注意到 (4)慶祝
Ⅱ. (1)v. 認為 (2)\tau. 感到 (3)\tau. 發現 (4)v. 找到 (5)n. 不可多得的人 (6)n. 發現
Ⅲ. 1. extinction 2. distribution; distributor 3. presence 4. determination 5.harmful harmless 6. inspired;inspiring;inspiration 7. resistance 8. national;nationally 9. sensible; sensibility;insensibility
【難句研讀】
1.剖析：表語；賓語翻譯：但伍斯特郡的一塊田地正是工人們最近發現的一條據信有2,000年歷史的羅馬道路的地方!
2.剖析：賓語；非限制性定語翻譯：原因狀語；一兩天后，他們中的一個告訴我，他們在自己的住所附近徘徊了大半個夜晚,直到黎明才回到了家,期間遇到了幾場大雨,樹葉都濕淋淋的，給他們淋得全身都濕透了。
主題10 生態環保
Day 1 時文在線
古樹未來生存問題
The oak tree has been in southern England continuously for 12, 000 years. But does it have a future?
By 2050, London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought. These ancient trees were not designed to thrive in such conditions. Around the world,millions of creatures facing unprecedented temperatures and habitat loss are on the move.
We do not tend to think of trees as migratory:they are slow-growing and rooted to the ground. Faced with this problem,the ecologist Charlie Gardner is one of a growing number proposing a radical,controversial solution: we help the trees on their march. Some scientists advocate moving individual species hundreds of kilometers north,within the country and from abroad. Others say entire ecosystems should be translocated,moving multiple species at once.
The “assisted migration" is divisive. Conservationists have long argued against introducing non-native species. They have concerns about unintended consequences of assisted migration.“Large-scale moving of ecosystems can't be undone (撤銷）,so should be very much a last choice," said Andrew Allen from the Woodland Trust. Allen believes we should prioritise helping native trees adapt to changes by encouraging natural regeneration,expanding and connecting existing woodlands.
But others say those arguments fail to deal with speed or size of change caused by the climate crisis.“Earlier in my career the narrative was all about restoring past baselines,and then,as I got more independent in my research,I realised that's impossible. We are changing the climate so much, so we have to be a little more inventive. When we have examples of assisted migration,it's often with species which are absolutely on the edge of extinction and have run out of other options,” said Sarah Dalrymple,a conservation ecologist from Liverpool University, who is part of the task force. She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier, working with species before their populations become so small.“"You can never get rid of all the risks,but there is also risk in inaction,” she said.“The risk of inaction is increasing every day."
1. What is the problem facing ancient trees in London?
A. Long summer. B. Habitat destruction.
C. Extreme weather. D. Slow growth.
2. What does Sarah Dalrymple urge people to do in the last paragraph?
A.Stop changing the climate.
B. Have more options to help species.
C.Help native trees to adapt to climate changes.
D. Take action earlier to prevent species extinction.
3.What might be the author's attitude towards assisted migration?
A. Supportive. B. Cautious.
C. Objective. D. Doubtful.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了關于古樹未來生存問題的爭議，包括是否應該通過輔助遷移來幫助古樹應對氣候變化帶來的挑戰。
譯文助讀
橡樹已經在英格蘭南部連續生長了12000年。但它有未來嗎？
到2050年，倫敦的天氣可能會類似于巴塞羅那，夏季會持續很長時間。這些古樹并不是為了在這種條件下茁壯成長而設計的。在世界各地，數以百萬計的生物正面臨前所未有的溫度和棲息地喪失的問題。
我們并不傾向于將樹木視為可遷徙的：它們生長緩慢，扎根于地面。面對這個問題，生態學家查理·加德納是提出一個激進的、有爭議的解決方案的越來越多的人之一:我們幫助樹木前進。一些科學家主張將單個物種向北遷移數百公里，無論是在國內還是從國外。其他人則表示，整個生態系統應該轉移方向，同時移動多個物種。
“輔助遷移”是有爭議的。長期以來，環保主義者一直反對引入非本地物種。他們擔心協助遷移的意外后果。“生態系統的大規模遷移是無法撤銷的，因此應該成為最后的選擇，”林地信托的安德魯·艾倫說。艾倫認為，我們應該通過鼓勵自然再生、擴大和連接現有林地，優先幫助本地樹木適應變化。
但也有人表示，這些論點未能解決氣候危機引起變化的速度或規模。“在我職業生涯的早期，敘述都是關于恢復過去的基線，然后，隨著我在研究中變得更加獨立，我意識到這是不可能的。我們對氣候的改變如此之大，因此我們必須更具創造力。當我們有輔助遷移的例子時，通常是那些絕對處于滅絕邊緣并且已經沒有其他選擇的物種，”該工作組的成員、利物浦大學的保護生態學家莎拉·達爾林普爾說。她希望能更早地探索輔助遷移，在物種種群還未大幅減少時就對其展開工作。“你永遠無法擺脫所有風險，但不作為也存在風險，”她說。“不作為的風險每天都在增加。”
【答案自查】
1.C細節理解題。由文章第二段第一、二句可知,倫敦的古樹面臨的問題是極端天氣。故選C。
2.D細節理解題。由文章最后一段中“She wants to see assisted migration explored earlier..‘You can never get rid of all the risks, but there is also risk in inaction,′ she said.‘The risk of inaction is increasing every day.””可知,薩拉·達爾林普爾敦促人們盡 早采取行動以防止物種滅絕。故選D。
3.C觀點態度題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第一段和最后一段可知，文章首先提出倫敦的古樹是否還有未來的問題，接著指出氣候變化對古樹的影響，然后介紹了關于輔助遷移的不同觀點，包括其爭議性和支持者的理由。文章并沒有明確表達支持或反對的立場，而是客觀地呈現了不同觀點和論據。因此，作者對于輔助遷移的態度可能是客觀的。故選C。
Day 2 以文化人
關注自然環境和生物的完整性
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been shaped by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species — man got significant power to change the nature of his world.
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man's assaults （侵犯） upon the environment is the contamination (污染） of air,earth,rivers,and sea with dangerous and even deadly materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment,chemicals are the wicked partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world,the very nature of its life.
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now lives on the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia (千年),life adjusted and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
I don't mean that chemical insecticides (殺蟲劑） must never be used. However, we have to admit that we have put poisonous and biologically harmful chemicals indiscriminately (恣意 地） into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their possible harm. We have forced enormous numbers of people to contact these poisons, without their permission and often without their knowledge. We admit,furthermore,that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife,and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity (完好 無損） of the natural world that supports all life.
1. What does the underlined word “modified" in the first paragraph mean?
A. Destroy. B. Change.
C. Explore. D. Maintain.
2. Which of the following does the least harm to the environment?
A. Chemicals. B. Radiation.
C. Insecticides. D. Vegetation.
3. According to the text, what can we learn about the environment?
A. Chemicals must not be used for the sake of the environment.
B. The environment is greatly affected by vegetation and animals.
C. The future generations are likely to lack concern for the environment.
D. The pollution of the environment is largely due to irresponsible humans.
4. What willthe following paragraph probably talk about?
A.What humans should do with chemicals for future generations.
B. How the environment affects the living things on the earth.
C.What kind of chemicals are less harmful to the environment.
D.How we humans make the best of chemicals to save the earth.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了地球生物和環境的相互作用和影響，人類對環境造成的污染和危害，以及對自然環境保護的重要性。人類的力量越來越大，但需要對使用化學物質進行更謹慎的考慮。人類需要關注自然環境和生物的完整性，以支持生命的可持續發展。
譯文助讀
地球上的生命史就是生物與周圍環境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球植被及其動物生命的物理形態和習性受到環境的影響。從地球存在的整個時間跨度來看，生命對其周圍環境的反作用較小。只有在本世紀，人類這一物種才獲得了改變世界本質的巨大力量。
在過去的25年里，這種力量不僅變得越來越強大，而且性質也發生了變化。人類對環境的所有侵犯中最令人震驚的是用危險甚至致命的材料污染了空氣、土壤、河流和海洋。這種污染在很大程度上是無法恢復的。在這種現在普遍的環境污染中，化學物質和輻射狼狽為奸，改變著世界的本質，改變著生命的本質。
地球花了數億年的時間才產生了現在生活在地球上的生命。如果能被給予足夠的時間，不是以年為單位，而是以千年為單位，生命會自我調整并達到一個平衡。但在現代世界，沒有時間了。
我并不是說絕不能使用化學殺蟲劑。然而，我們不得不承認，我們恣意地將有毒和對生物有害的化學品交到基本上或完全不知道其可能危害的人手中。我們強迫大量的人在未經他們允許且經常不知情的情況下接觸這些毒藥。此外，我們承認，我們允許這些化學品的使用，而很少或根本沒有事先調查它們對土壤、水、野生動物和人類自身的影響。后代不太可能原諒我們對支撐所有生命的自然世界的完整性的缺乏關注。
【答案自查】
1.B詞義猜測題。根據第一段第二句可知,在很大程度上,地球植被和動物生命的物理形態和習性都受到環境的影響，生命改變環境造成的影響是微小的。故選B。
2.D細節理解題。根據第二段第二句以及最后一段第二句可知,化學物質,輻射以及殺蟲劑都給環境帶來了極大的害處和影響，因此推斷D選項“vegetation(植被）.”對環境造成的傷害最小。故選D。
3.D推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后兩句可知，由于人類很少或者根本沒有事先調查化學物質對環境的影響，以及缺乏對自然世界的關心才導致環境污染，即環境的污染主要是由于不負責任的人類造成的。故選D。
4.A推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知,此處指出我們對生態環境造成的破壞,對自然完整性缺乏關心，我們的后代是不能原諒我們的，因此后文應該闡述為了子孫后代，人類應該如何處理化學物質。故選A。
Day 3 國際視野
保護非洲野生動物
Without doubt, Africa includes some of the most diverse and powerful wildlife in the world. It's what keeps tourists coming back and environmentalists impassioned（充滿激情 的). Unfortunately,much of the wildlife that Africa is famous for has come under threat in recent years,as more and more African animals are at risk of dying out.
Rhinos (犀牛）,the large yet gentle animals is currently considered greatly endangered in Africa. This is mostly due to poaching (偷獵） at large scale and habitat destruction according to Study. com,although there are many contributing factors. Shockingly, The World Wildlife Fund (WWF） states that there were 500,000 rhinos in Africa at the start of the 20{th} century. However,only 29,000 remain in the wild today.
The African mountain gorilla（大猩猩）has faced wars,civil unrest（內亂）and habitat destruction over the years. Today,there may be as few as 700 mountain gorillas left in the wild. In fact,according to WWF,the future for mountain gorillas was once thought to be so hopeless that many people thought the species would be entirely extinct by the end of the 20{th} century. Luckily,things have been looking up in recent years thanks to conservation efforts,as the population has shown a slow but steady increase.
Leopards (豹子） are powerful creatures. They can be found in many continents across the globe including Africa and Asia. Despite this, the leopard is currently considered rather endangered. According to the International Society for Endangered Cats （ISEC） Canada, nearly 37 per cent of leopards have been wiped out of their African range.
Unfortunately,the list of endangered wildlife in Africa goes on. It seems that there is no animal free from the threat of extinction in Africa. With that said,there is so much you can do to help. For a full list of tips and tricks on how you can help endangered wildlife in your area and the world,head to WorldWildlife. org.
1. What do the mentioned animals have in common?
A.They are all at the risk of extinction.
B. They are well protected by the locals.
C. They all suffered from wars and killing.
D. They can't find enough food to eat.
2. Which of the following is true about leopards according to the text?
A. They are widely spread over the world.
B. Half of them have been killed so far. C.They are now driven out of Africa.
0.37% of the animals live in Russia.
3.What is the author's attitude towards the preservation of wildlife?
A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent.
C. Hopeful. D. Worried.
4. Where is this text taken from?
A.A magazine. B. A newspaper.
C. A report. D. A website.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了非洲野生動物面臨滅絕危險的現狀,呼吁我們采取行動保護野生動物。
譯文助讀
毫無疑問，非洲擁有一些世界上最多樣化和最強大的野生動物。這也是吸引游客不斷前來和環保主義者充滿激情的原因。不幸的是，近年來，因為越來越多的非洲動物面臨滅絕的危險，非洲許多有名的野生動物都受到了威脅。
犀牛是一種體型大而溫和的動物，目前在非洲被認為極度瀕危。根據Study.com,盡管有很多促成因素，這主要是由于大規模的偷獵和棲息地破壞造成的。令人震驚的是，世界自然基金會指出，20世紀初非洲有50萬頭犀牛。然而，如今只有29,000頭留在野外。
多年來,非洲山地大猩猩面臨著戰爭、內亂和棲息地破壞。如今,野外可能只剩下700只山地大猩猩。事實上，根據世界自然基金會的說法，人們一度認為山地大猩猩的未來是毫無希望的，以至于許多人認為該物種將在20世紀末完全滅絕。幸運的是，由于保護工作，近年來情況一直在好轉，其種群數量顯示出緩慢但穩定的增長。
豹子是強大的生物。它們分布在全球許多大洲，包括非洲和亞洲。盡管如此，豹子目前被認為相當瀕危。根據加拿大國際瀕危貓科動物協會的數據，近 37% 的豹子已經從它們的非洲分布范圍中消失。
不幸的是，非洲瀕危野生動物的名單還在不斷增加。在非洲，似乎沒有動物可以免于滅絕的威脅。話雖如此，您可以做很多事情來提供幫助。如需獲取有關如何幫助您所在地區和世界各地的瀕危野生動物的提示和技巧的完整建議清單,請前往 WorldWildlife.org。
【答案自查】
1.A細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知,文章主要介紹的是面臨滅絕危險的非洲著名的野生動物，下文列舉了犀牛、大猩猩和豹子，它們都是面臨滅絕危險的野生動物，由此可知，文中提到的動物的共同點是它們都有滅絕的危險。故選A。
2.A細節理解題。根據第四段中的“They can be found in many continents across the globeincluding Africa and Asia.”可知,在全球許多大洲都可以找到豹子,由此可知,豹子廣泛分布在世界各地。故選A。
3.C觀點態度題。根據第三段最后一句和最后一段中的“With that said,there is so muchyou can do to help.”可知,作者認為動物保護工作使得大猩猩的種群數量緩慢但穩定的增長，并且我們可以做很多事來保護動物，由此可推斷出，作者對保護野生動物的態度是充滿希望的。故選C。
4.D文章出處題。根據最后一段最后一句可知,文章介紹了非洲野生動物面臨滅絕危險的現狀,并告知讀者可以通過訪問WorldWildlife.org獲得更多信息，由此可知,這篇文章可能出自一個網站。故選D。
Day 4 經典名著
《老人與海》(節選）
The boy went out. They had eaten with no light on the table and the old man took off his trousers and went to bed in the dark. He rolled his trousers up to make a pillow,putting the newspaper inside them. He rolled himself in the blanket and slept on the other old newspapers that covered the springs of the bed. He was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long golden beaches and the white beaches,so white they hurt his eyes,and the high capes （海坤） and the great brown mountains.
He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf (海濤） roar and saw the native boats come riding through it. He smelled the tar （焦油味） and oakum （麻 絮） of the deck as he slept and he smelled the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning. Usually when he smelled the land breeze he woke up and dressed to go and wake the boy. But tonight the smell of the land breeze came very early and he knew it was too early in his dream and went on dreaming to see the white peaks of the Islands rising from the sea and then he dreamed of the different harbors and roadsteads of the Canary Islands.
He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great ocurrences, nor of great fish,nor fights,nor contests of strength,nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach. They played like young cats in the dusk and he loved them as he loved the boy. He never dreamed about the boy. He simply woke,looked out the open door at the moon and unrolled his trousers and put them on. He urinated outside the shack (窩棚） and then went up the road to wake the boy. He was shivering with the morning cold. But he knew he would shiver himself warm and that soon he would be rowing.
The door of the house where the boy lived was unlocked and he opened it and walked in quietly with his bare feet. The boy was asleep on a cot in the first room and the old man could see him clearly with the light that came in from the dying moon. He took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him. The old man nodded and the boy took his trousers from the chair by the bed and, sitting on the bed,pulled them on.
The old man went out the door and the boy came after him. He was sleepy and the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said,“I am sorry." “Que'va," the boy said.“It is what a man must do." They walked down the road to the old man's shack and all along the road,in the dark, barefoot men were moving, carrying the masts of their boats. When they reached the old man's shack the boy took the rolls of line in the basket and the harpoon [(捕 鯨的)魚叉］and gaff（大魚鉤）and the old man carried the mast with the furled sail on his shoulder.
"Do you want coffee?" the boy asked. “We'll put the gear in the boat and then get some. " They had coffee from condensed milk cans at an early morning place that served fishermen. "How did you sleep old man?" the boy asked. He was waking up now although it was still hard for him to leave his sleep. “Very well, Manolin," the old man said.“I feel confident today. " "So do I,”" the boy said.“Now I must get your sardines and mine and your fish baits. He brings our gear himself. He never wants anyone to carry anything."
"We're different," the old man said. “I let you carry things when you were five years old."“I know it," the boy said.“I'll be right back. Have another coffee. We have credit here." He walked off,bare-footed on the coral rocks,to the ice house where the baits were stored. The old man drank his coffee slowly. It was all he would have all day and he knew that he should take it. For a long time now eating had bored him and he never carried a lunch. He had a bottle of water in the bow of the skiff (小船） and that was all he needed for the day.
The boy was back now with the sardines and the two baits wrapped in a newspaper and they went down the trail to the skiff,feeling the pebbled sand under their feet,and lifted the skiff and slid her into the water.“Good luck old man." “Good luck," the old man said. He fitted the rope lashings of the oars onto the thole pins and,leaning forward against the thrust of the blades in the water,he began to row out of the harbor in the dark.
There were other boats from the other beaches going out to sea and the old man heard the dip and push of their oars even though he could not see them now the moon was below the hills. Sometimes someone would speak in a boat. But most of the boats were silent except for the dip of the oars. They spread apart after they were out of the mouth of the harbor and each one headed for the part of the ocean where he hoped to find fish. The old man knew he was going far out and he left the smell of the land behind and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
He saw the phosphorescence (磷光） of the Gulf weed in the water as he rowed over the part of the ocean that the fishermen called the great well because there was a sudden deep of seven hundred fathoms [英尋 (=6 英尺)]where all sorts of fish congregated because of the swirl the current made against the steep walls of the flour of the ocean. Here there were concentrations of shrimp and baitfish and sometimes schools of squid in the deepest holes and these rose close to the surface at night where all the wandering fish fed on them.
英語·選擇性必修第一冊
In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming and as he rowed he heard the trembling sound as flying fish left the water and the hissing that their stiff set wings made as they soared away in the darkness. He was very fond of flying fish as they were his principal friends on the ocean. He was sorry for the birds,especially the small delicate dark terns that were always flying and looking and almost never finding, and he thought,the birds have a harder life than we do except for the robber birds and the heavy strong ones.
Why did they make birds so delicate and fine as those sea swallows when the ocean can be so cruel? She is kind and very beautiful. But she can be so cruel and it comes so suddenly and such birds that fly,dipping and hunting, with their small sad voices are made too delicately for the sea. He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her. Sometimes those who love her say had things of her but they are always said as though she were a woman.
Some of the younger fishermen,those who used buoys as floats for their lines and had motorboats,bought when the shark livers had brought much money, spoke of her as el mar which is masculine. They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy. But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favors, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it does a woman,he thought.
He was rowing steadily and it was no effort for him since he kept well within his speed and the surface of the ocean was flat except for the occasional swirls of the current. He was letting the current do a third of the work and as it started to be light he saw he was already further out than he had hoped to be at this hour. I worked the dep wells for a week and did nothing,he thought. Today I'll work out where the schools of bonito and albacore are and maybe there will be a big one with them. Before it was really light he had his baits out and was drifting with the current.
One bait was down forty fathoms. The second was at seventy-five and the third and fourth were down in the blue water at one hundred and one hundred and twenty-five fathoms. Each bait hung head down with the shank of the hook inside the bait fish,tied and sewed solid and all the projecting part of the hook,the curve and the point, was covered with fresh sardines. Each sardine was hooked through both eyes so that they made a half-gar-land on the projecting steel. There was no part of the hook that a great fish could fell which was not sweet smelling and good tasting.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
《老人與海》是美國作家海明威于1951年在古巴寫的一篇中篇小說，于1952年出版。它奠定了海明威在世界文學中的突出地位，這篇小說相繼獲得了1953年美國普利策獎和1954年諾貝爾文學獎。該小說曾經在48小時內就賣出了20多萬本，創造了小說銷量的傳奇。
《老人與海》故事的背景是在20世紀中葉的古巴。主人公是一位名叫圣地亞哥的老漁夫，配角是一個叫馬諾林的小孩。風燭殘年的老漁夫一連八十四天都沒有釣到一條魚，但他仍不肯認輸，而是充滿著奮斗的精神，終于在第八十五天釣到一條身長十八尺,體重一千五百磅的大馬林魚。大魚拖著船往海里走,老人依然拉著不放,即使沒有水,沒有食物,沒有武器,沒有助手，左手抽筋，他也絲毫不灰心。經過兩天兩夜之后，他終于殺死大魚，把它拴在船邊。但許多鯊魚立刻前來搶奪他的戰利品。他一一地殺死它們,到最后只剩下一支折斷的舵柄作為武器。結果,大魚仍難逃被吃光的命運，最終，老人筋疲力盡地拖回一副魚骨頭。他回到家躺在床上，只好從夢中去尋回那往日美好的歲月，以忘卻殘酷的現實。
■譯文助讀
男孩走了。他們在沒有燈光的桌子上吃完了晚餐之后，老人便脫下了長褲，在黑暗中上了床。他把褲子卷起來，再塞些報紙進去便成了枕頭。然后，他把自己也卷進毛毯里，睡在另一張由舊報紙覆蓋著的彈簧床上。他很快地就睡著了，他夢見了非洲，夢中他還是個小孩，他夢見那綿延的金色海灘和那白得刺眼的海岸,也夢見那高聳的海和棕色的山脈。
現在，他每天晚上住在海邊,夢中他可以聽見海濤呼嘯的聲音，看見當地的船只乘風破浪地駛來。睡夢中，他聞到船上的焦油味及填塞船縫的麻絮味，還嗅到了晨間的微風吹過非洲大地的氣息。通常他一嗅到這陸上吹來的微風就會醒過來，馬上穿上衣服，去叫醒小男孩。但是今晚大地上微風的氣息吹來得很早，夢中的他也知道太早了，而繼續沉浸在夢鄉，接著他夢見海島上白色的峰頂從海面上浮起，而后他又夢見加那利群島上的各個港灣與錨地。
他早已不再夢見暴風雨，也不再夢見女人,或發生過的大事,不再夢見大魚，與人打架、比力道，也不再夢見亡妻了。如今他只夢見各種不同的地方以及海灘上的獅子。獅子們像小貓似的在暮靄中嬉戲，他喜愛它們，正如他喜愛那男孩一樣，但他卻從來沒有夢見過男孩。他就這么醒來了，往開的門外望了一下月亮，然后把卷著的褲子解開來穿上。他到小屋外邊小解后,就上路走去叫醒小男孩。他在清晨寒冷的空氣中發著抖,但他曉得多發抖幾下，便可以讓自己暖和起來，而且馬上就要劃動船槳了。
男孩的房門沒上鎖，他開了門，手躡腳輕輕地走進去。男孩就睡在第一個房間的小床上,借著外面即將消沉的月光，老人可以很清楚地看見男孩。他輕柔地握住男孩的一只腳，直
英語·選擇性必修第一冊
到男孩醒來扭過頭來望著他。老人對他點點頭，男孩從床邊椅子上拿起褲子，坐在床邊把它穿上。
老人走出門外后，男孩跟著出來，他還很想打瞌睡，老人把手臂搭在他的肩膀上說：“很抱歉。”“怎么會!”男孩說：“這是男子漢應該做的事。”他們沿著路往下走，來到老人的小屋。黑暗中,許多扛著船桅、赤著腳的身影晃動著。他們一來到老人的小屋，男孩便拿起籃中成卷的繩索、魚叉和魚鉤，老人把卷著帆的桅桿扛在肩上。
“你要喝咖啡嗎？”男孩問。“我們先把船具放在船上,再弄些咖啡來喝。”他們在一個專供漁夫用早餐的地方，用煉乳罐子喝了咖啡。“老先生，你睡得好嗎？”男孩問。雖然很難把他的瞌睡蟲驅除，但他已經逐漸醒來。“好極了，馬諾林，”老人說：“我今天感到信心十足!”“我也是一樣。”男孩說：“現在我要去拿你的以及我自己的沙丁魚，還有你的魚餌。那人每次都是自己拿漁具，從來不讓別人碰。”
“我們則不同，”老人說：“你五歲時我就讓你幫忙拿東西了。”“是呀。”男孩說：“我馬上回來。再喝一杯咖啡吧，我們在這兒可以賒賬。”他走開了，赤著腳在珊瑚礁上往貯存魚餌的冰庫走去。老人慢慢地喝著他的咖啡，這將是他在接下的一整天里，唯一吃過的食物，所以他知道他應該喝的。長久以來，吃對他來說，早已是件乏味的事，他從來不帶午餐的，他只需在船頭放一瓶水，就足以過一整天了。
男孩帶著包在報紙里的沙丁魚和兩條魚餌回來了。一路上感覺著底下的沙石,他們循著小路來到了小船停泊的地方，把小船抬起來，讓它滑向水里去。“祝你好運，老先生。”“祝你好運。”老人說。他把槳上的繩圈套在槳栓上，然后將槳葉向后深深地插入水中，身體同時往前一傾，老人的小船便在黑暗中挺進，劃出了海港。
這時也有從其他海灘出發的船只正紛紛劃向大海。此時月亮已經下山了,老人雖看不見那些船只，但他可以聽見他們的船槳下水和劃水的聲音。有時船里有說話的聲音，但是大部分的船除了劃槳聲外，都是沉靜的。船只一出了海港口便各奔東西了,每個人都各自劃向希望可以捕到魚的地方去。老人曉得他要劃得很遠，他把土地的氣息拋在身后，向清晨海洋的清新氣息之處劃去。
他看見海灣里海草所發出的磷光，原來老人劃到了漁夫們所稱“大水井”地帶的海面上了。這名稱的由來，是因為在那兒海底突然出現了一個下陷的深淵，約有七百英尋，而因為海潮沖擊海床上的陡壁時所激起的渦，使得各種魚類都聚集于此，包括蝦子、做魚餌用的魚，有時候還有成群結隊的烏賊，都聚集在洞的深處。這些魚在晚上會飄浮在接近海面的地方，而在那兒漫游的魚類便以它們為食。
一片漆黑中，老人可以感覺黎明將近。當他在劃船時，可以聽見飛魚躍出水面的剎那間輕微的顫抖聲,以及他們在黑暗中飛掠時,堅硬的翅膀所發出的嘶嘶聲。他非常喜歡飛魚,因為他們是他在海洋中主要的朋友。鳥兒則令他憐惜，特別是那些纖小默黑、終日飛翔、尋尋覓覓卻幾乎從未有所收獲的燕鷗。他常想，除了那些專靠掠奪維生的鳥類以及那些體型壯碩的鳥類之外，鳥的生活是比人類更為艱辛啊。
何以造物者將鳥類如海燕般都創造得如此纖弱，而海洋卻是如此的殘酷？海洋是慈悲而且美麗的，然而它卻同時可以那么殘酷，轉變得那么突然；那些飛著的鳥，不時還得潛入水中捕食,它們弱小的哀鳴聲，在這浩瀚的海洋里,實在是太渺小，太纖弱了。他總是把海洋稱為“海娘子”，這是熱愛海洋的西班人稱呼她的方式。有時候，喜歡她的人也會咒罵她，他們總把它比作是一個婦人。
一些用浮標作魚線浮子、駕著馬達汽船的年輕漁夫，每當鯊魚肝為他們賺進大筆金錢時，就會將她當作男性，稱它為“海郎”。他們說到她的時候總是把她當成一個競爭的對手，或是一個地方，甚至一個仇敵。可是，老人總認為海洋是女性，有時恩惠，有時帶來厄運，而當海洋變得蠻橫狂暴或是邪惡時，那是因為她沒有辦法控制。他認為，月亮對于海洋的影響，正如月亮對于婦人的影響一樣。
他不緊不慢地劃著船，一點兒也不吃力，因為他把速度控制得很好,而且這時除了偶爾有些小漩渦外，海洋是一片平靜。他借浪潮之助節省了三分之一的力量。這一天剛破曉時，他發現自己已經劃得比他預期此時所在的位置還要遠了。他心想，我在“大水井”已經將近一個星期了，但卻一無所獲。今天我就到成群魚和青花魚出沒的地去，也許在它們之中有一條大魚呢。在天還沒有完全亮以前，他已經把魚餌都放下水了，隨著水流漂浮。
其中一個魚餌垂到大約四十英尋處,另一個大約垂到七十五英尋處,其他分別垂在一百英尋及一百二十五英尋處的深藍色的海水中。每一個魚餌的頭都是朝下的,鉤子上端則完全藏在魚餌的身體里，并且被捆得緊緊的，鉤子突出的彎曲部分以及頂端，都被新鮮的沙丁魚掩藏起來。每一條沙丁魚的雙眼都被鉤子穿過去,而魚身沿著鉤子突出部分彎出一個半環狀。如此一來，大魚接近時候會以為整個魚鉤既鮮美又可口。
佳句摘抄
Day5中國元素
中國首次實現人工合成淀粉
Starch (淀粉） is the main component of flour,rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day,humans may be able to “eat" carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild,the day is coming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September,2021. “Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用）,which is a complex and inefficient process,” Ma Yanhe,director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology," Ma told China Daily.
The team has been working on the process for 6 years.“The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol （甲醇）,which is a molecule （分子） that contains a single carbon atom," Cai Tao,one of the first authors of the study,told China Daily.
Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps to 11.
"The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural production to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water,fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change,” a research fellow of the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.
The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.
1. What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch?
A. It's extremely complex and inefficient.
B. It's achievable through photosynthesis.
C.It's a way of dealing with global warming.
D.It's more efficient than the natural method.
2. What does the underlined word “convert" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Push. B. Change.
C. Divide. D. Mix.
3. What can be learned about the breakthrough?
A. It can help improve people's health.
B. It can change the way of starch production.
C. It can provide astronauts with nutritious food.
D.It can save farmers from traditional agriculture.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了中國科學家在《科學》雜志上發表了一項研究，中國科學家已經利用二氧化碳、氫和電制造出了淀粉。
■譯文助讀
淀粉是面粉、大米和玉米等的主要成分，而二氧化碳是溫室氣體的主要組成部分。有朝一日，人類或許能夠“吃”掉二氧化碳，全球變暖也能夠被碳愛好者“吃”掉。這聽起來可能很瘋狂，但這一天即將到來。
中國科學家在2021年9月發表于《科學》的研究中指出，他們已經用二氧化碳、氫氣和電能制造出了淀粉。“植物通過光合作用產生淀粉，這是一個復雜且低效的過程，”中國科學院天津工業生物技術研究所所長馬延和告訴《中國日報》。他補充道，將二氧化碳、水和陽光轉化為淀粉需要大約60個步驟。
“我們的突破表明，在實驗室里制造淀粉是可行的。這種方法使得在工廠里生產食物成為可能，許多行業都可以從這項技術中受益”馬告訴《中國日報》。
該團隊已經研究了6年。“這種方法的第一步是將二氧化碳和氫氣轉化為甲醇，這是一種只有一個碳原子的分子，”該研究的第一作者之一蔡濤告訴《中國日報》。
科學家們隨后將這些單碳分子拼接成更大、更復雜的分子。借助超級計算機，中國科學家將自然淀粉生產過程從大約60個步驟簡化到11個步驟。
中國科學院的一位研究員告訴《環球時報》：“這一新工藝使淀粉的生產從傳統的農業生產轉變為工業生產成為可能。未來我們可能無需耕種就能滿足需求,這不僅將有助于節約水資源、肥料和土地，還將有助于利用二氧化碳，應對氣候變化。”
這項研究未來還將有助于太空探索。宇航員在太空旅行時，可以將呼出的二氧化碳直接轉化為食物為宇航員提供安全的食物來源。
【答案自查】
1.D推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Plants create starch...and inefficient process"和第三段中的“Our breakthrough...from this technology”可以推斷，馬延和認為新的淀粉合成方法比自然方法更高效，故選D。
2.B詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句中的“carbon dioxide and...a single carbon atom ”和化學常識可知,甲醇是只有一個碳原子的分子,科學家將二氧化碳和氫氣轉化成了甲醇，故選 B。
3.B細節理解題。根據第六段中的“The new process...to industrial production.”可知,合成淀粉取得的突破可以改變淀粉的生產方式，故選B。
Day 6 詞句回顧
遷移運用
詞匯采 4. currently uuu.現任；迪幣；當前
\* Day 1 5. destruction n.破壞;毀滅
1. resemble v.與.…...相似；像 6. steady adj.穩定的;穩固的
2. thrive v.茁壯成長;興旺;繁榮 7. despite prep.盡管;不管
3. unprecedented adj.前所未有的 \* Day 4
4. radical adj.激進的;徹底的 1. shiver {\boldsymbol{v}}.{\&}{\boldsymbol{n}}. 發抖;顫抖;哆嗦
5. expand v.擴張;增加 2. bare adj.赤裸的;裸露的;
\ast Day 2
1. extent n.程度 3. deck n.甲板
2. vegetation n.植物 4. wrap v.包;裹
3. radiation n.輻射 5.occurrence n.發生;事件；出現
4. span n.時期;跨度;間距 6. congregate v.聚集；集合
5. wicked adj.壞的;邪惡的;缺德的 \* Day 5
\* Day 3 1. component n.組成部分；成分1. diverse adj.不同的；多種多 2. breakthrough n.突破樣的 3.supercomputingn.超級計算2. threat n.威脅 4. atom n.原子；微粒3. scale n.規模 5. recycle v.循環;再利用
短語串記
1.由runoutof串記“run"的短語（Day 1)
run out of 用完;耗盡 run out 用完；耗盡；過期；失效 run away 突然離開;逃離 run down 耗盡能量;停止工作;萎縮;衰減 run around 到處跑;四處奔波 run off (從容器中)溢出，流出 in the long run 從長遠來看；終究 run into 遭遇;撞上,撞到;偶然遇見
2.由dieout串記“die”的短語（Day3）
die out 滅絕;消失 die for 渴望；為了····而死 die of 死于.…··. die from 死于………. die off 相繼去世;先后死去 die away 逐漸減弱；逐漸模糊；逐漸消失 die down 變弱；逐漸停息
多維探究
I.一詞多義
1. realise {\Omega}_{v.} 意識到；實現；發生；以·….…價格賣出(Day1)
[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的含義
(1)The paintings realised 8$ 2 million at auction.
(2)The worst fears were realised when he saw that the door had been forced open.
moment I saw her,I realised something was wrong.
2.makeup組成；構成；彌補；和解；編造；整理；化妝；占；占比(Day5)
_自我檢測門寫出黑體部分的含義
(1)I don't like to see women making up in public.
(2)Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
(3)The boy is studying very hard to make up for his lost time.
(4)Leave this notice hanging on your door,asking the servant to make up your room.
(5)Starch is the main component of flour,rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases.
Ⅱ.熟詞生義
1.stretch［熟義] n .伸展；舒展 \boldsymbol{v}. 伸展；延伸;張開［生義］n.彈性；一段時間 \boldsymbol{v}. 夸大(Day 1)[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義
(1)The landscape seemed to stretch into infinity.
(2)Do not stretch the truth.
(3)I got out of the bed and had a good stretch.
(4) With a stretch of his arm,he reached the shelf.
(5) By 2050, London's weather could resemble that of Barcelona, with long stretches of summer drought.
2.head[熟義］n.頭;頭部;頭腦;頂端;領袖[生義］v.朝(某方向)行進;為首;領導;主管(Day 4)
[自我檢測]寫出黑體部分的詞性及含義
(1)Please raise your head and look at the blackboard.
(2)We elected Mr. Stevenson to head the team.
(3)They spread apart after they were out of the mouth of the harbor and each one headed for the part of the ocean where he hoped to find fish.
Ⅲ.詞匯變形
1. environment n .環境；外界 *\rightarrow adj.環境的;有關環境的 \rightarrow adv.在環境方面地 \rightarrow n.環保人士
2. propose \boldsymbol{\upsilon}. 打算;計劃；向····提議；求婚 \rightarrow n.申請人;提案人 \rightarrow n.求婚；建議;提議
英語·選擇性必修第一冊
3.act v.行動;舉止;表演 \rightarrow adj.活躍的；積極的；起作用的 \rightarrow advu.積極地;活躍地;勤奮地 *^{-} n.行為；活動；措施 \rightarrow n.不活動；無為；怠惰
4.bore v.使厭煩 \rightarrow adj.無聊的；厭煩的 \rightarrow adj.令人厭煩的；乏味的 \rightarrow n.無聊；厭煩；厭倦；令人厭煩的事物
5.ignore v.忽視;不理;不顧 \rightarrow adj.無知的；愚昧的；不知道的 \rightarrow n.無知；愚昧
6.recoverv.恢復；復原 \rightarrow adj.可恢復的；可收回的 \rightarrow adj.不能挽回的;不能復原的 \rightarrow n.恢復;痊愈；復原
7.danger n.危險；危險物（或人） \mid\rightarrow v.危及；危害 \rightarrow adj.瀕于滅絕的
8. generate \scriptstyle{\boldsymbol{v}}. 產生；發生;引起 \rightarrow adj.生殖的;生產的;有生殖力的→ n.代；產生；繁殖 \rightarrow U.再生 \rightleftharpoons n.再生
9.shockv.使震驚；使震動；使受電擊 n .震驚；震動；沖擊；休克 \rightarrow adj.震驚的 \rightarrow adj.令人震驚的 \rightarrow adu.令人震驚地
10. hope \boldsymbol{v}. 希望;期望;盼望 n 希望 \rightarrow adj.有希望的 \rightarrow adj.沒有希望的；絕望的;無可救藥的
難句研讀
Unfortunately,much of the wildlife that Africa is famous for has come under threat in recent years,as more and more African animals are at risk of dying out. (Day 3)
[剖析]此句是主從復合句，as引導 從句，主句中that引導 從句。
[翻譯]
參考答案
【多維探究】
I.1.(1)以…價格賣出（2)發生（3)意識到2.（1)化妝（2)占；占比（3)彌補 (4)整理(5)組成
\mathbb{I}.1.(1)v. 延伸 (2)\tau. 夸大 (3)n 舒展 (4)n 伸展 (5)n. 一段時間 2.(1)n 頭 (2)\tau. 領導 (3)\tau. 朝(某方向)行進
. 1. environmental; environmentally; environmentalist 2. proposer; proposal 3. active; actively;action;inaction 4. bored; boring;boredom 5. ignorant;ignorance 6. recoverable;irrecoverable; recovery 7. endanger;endangered 8. generative;generation; regenerate;regeneration 9. shocked ; shocking;shockingly 10. hopeful;hopeless
【難句研讀】
剖析：原因狀語；定語
翻譯：不幸的是，近年來,因為越來越多的非洲動物面臨滅絕的危險,非洲許多有名的野生動物都受到了威脅。
高考真題體驗
A
（2025·浙江1月卷）
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥） and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模塊化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place", they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden's ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
1. What does the underlined word "Eschewing" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Running out of.
B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with.
D. Taking advantage of.
2. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced?
A. To control weeds in large gardens.
B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources.
D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens?
A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Future of Gardening is Wild B. Nature Treats All Lives as Equals C. Matrix Gardens Need More Care D. Old Garden Plots Work Wonders
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了矩陣式種植方法，倡導模仿自然設計園藝。
譯文助讀
一種新穎的園藝設計方法在全球范圍內越來越受歡迎。這種方法被稱為矩陣式種植，旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔更多繁重的工作，甚至還包括一些設計工作。它摒棄了化肥和電動工具，基于一個簡潔而精妙的原則：以更接近大自然的方式進行園藝種植。
這個概念誕生于第二次世界大戰后，當時德國城市規劃者試圖以一種可復制且維護成本最低的方式在大片公園用地上進行種植。規劃者創造出了可以模塊化使用的植物組合。在一個矩陣式花園中，具有相似種植要求的植物被種植在一起,這樣它們在地面上和地下都能共同生長，形成一個相互協作的生態系統，既能節約用水，又能抑制雜草生長。
荷蘭園藝師兼設計師皮耶特？奧多夫的花園使這種風格廣為人知，他在植物組合中融入了藝術氣息，同時在色彩和形態上進行搭配，打造出四季皆有景致的景觀，并且滿足了野生動物的需求。這些花園全年都美不勝收，讓你能夠欣賞到最細微的景致，從微風中草的沙沙聲，到造型奇特的種子頭所構成的景觀。
要呈現出如此自然的效果需要花費大量心思。雖然矩陣式花園看起來很自然隨意，但它們經過了精心規劃，首先考慮的就是文化需求。以“適地適植”的理念為指導，他們將喜好相同土壤、光照和氣候條件的植物搭配在一起,并根據它們的生長模式進行布局。
這對園藝愛好者和地球都有諸多益處。隨著人力投入大幅減少，花園的生態系統能夠良好發展。成熟的矩陣式花園不需要我們給予大多數花園的那些“生命支持”:施肥、分株、定期澆水。與傳統的花園地塊相比，它們增加了碳吸收量，減少了雨水徑流,還顯著增加了棲息地面積和生物多樣性。
【答案自查】
1.B詞義猜測題。由畫線詞所在句“Eschewing fertilizers and power tools”以及后文提到 “to garden more like nature does”可知,矩陣種植強調減少人類干預，因此“Eschewing”意 為“避免、遠離”。故選B。
2.D細節理解題。由第二段首句“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Il in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知,這種方法是為了解決大型公園用地的低維護種植問題。故 選 D。
3.C推理判斷題。由第三段中的“adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife"可知 , Piet Oudolf 的花園充滿藝術性。故選C。
4.A標題歸納題。本文主要圍繞矩陣式種植方法展開，并強調其自然與高效，“TheFuture of Gardening isWild”這一標題符合。故選A。
B
(2022·新高考I卷)
GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature
Grading Scale
90—100,A;80—89,B;70—79,C;60—69,D;Below 60,E.
Essays 60% >
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:
Essay 1=10% ;Essay 2=15% ;Essay 3=15% ;Essay 4%
Group Assignments 30% >
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作業l） during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework ( 10% >
Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded.
LateWork
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A.A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three.
C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法。
譯文助讀
文學概論課程評分辦法
分級標準
90—100,A;80—89,B;70—79,C;60—69,D;60分以下,E。論文 (60% >
你的四篇主要論文將共同構成本課程成績的主要部分：論文 1=10% ；論文 2=15% ；論文3=15% ；論文 4% 。
小組作業 (30% >
學生將在課程中分組完成四項作業。所有作業將在指定日期前通過我們的在線學習和課程管理系統 Blackboard 提交。
日常工作/課堂寫作和測試/小組工作/家庭作業 (10% )
課堂活動每天都會有所不同，但學生必須準備好完成直接從指定閱讀材料或上一節課講座/討論筆記中提取的課堂短文或測試，因此在課堂上認真做筆記很重要。此外，我會不定時地分配小組作業在課堂上完成，或在家完成短期作業,這兩項作業都會被評分。
遲交作業
未在截止日期在課堂上提交的論文,每遲交一節課，將失去一個字母等級。如果未在截止日期后的第四天提交,則考試成績為零。上課期間未完成的日常作業將得零分。因請假缺席而錯過的短文將被接受。
【答案自查】
1.C文章出處題。根據文章標題“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature”文學概論課程評分辦法；以及Essays（ 60% )部分中的“Your four major essays will combine to formthe main part of the grade for this course”你的四篇主要論文將構成本課程評分的主要部分。可知，本文介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，應該出自一個課程計劃。故選 ~\C~ 。
2.B細節理解題。根據標題“Essays（ 60% )”、“Group Assignments ( 30% ）”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework ( 10% )”可知，學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B。
3.A推理判斷題。根據 Late Work 部分中的“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after thedue date,it will earn a zero.”如果沒有在截止日期后的第 4天上交,將會得零分。可知,如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A。
C
(2021·全國乙卷）
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4. 8 and 12. 7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”" a pair of 10- foot-tall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(來源） of plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight,they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(說明） a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(傾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1. What are Von Wong's artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位藝術家收集塑料吸管，然后做成雕塑讓觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產品的關系,從而警示人們塑料對海洋生態環境帶來的巨大污染和沖擊。
譯文助讀
你已經聽說了塑料正在污染海洋——每年有480萬噸到1,270萬噸塑料進入海洋生態系統。但一根塑料吸管或一個塑料杯真的有什么區別嗎？藝術家BenjaminVon Wong 想讓你知道，它確實如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，讓觀眾重新審視它們與一次性塑料產品的關系。
今年年初，這位藝術家制作了一件名為“吸管末日”（Strawpocalypse）的作品，這是一對10英尺高的塑料波浪，在撞擊過程中凍結。這尊雕塑由16.8萬根從幾次海灘清理志愿者那里收集來的塑料吸管制成，首次在越南胡志明市的Estella購物中心亮相。
全球只有 9% 的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但最近他們已經受到擊，因為大多數人不需要他們喝飲料，因為他們的小尺寸和重量，他們不能被回收。Von Wong 的作品中的每一根吸管都很可能來自只喝了幾分鐘的飲料。一旦飲料消失了，吸管也要幾個世紀才能消失。
通過 2018年的一件作品，VonWong想要說明一項明確的統計數據：每隔60秒就有一卡車的塑料進入海洋。對于這個作品，名為“一卡車塑料”，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了超過一萬多件塑料，然后將它們綁在一起，使其看起來就像一下子從卡車上傾倒下來的樣子。
VonWong希望他的工作也能幫助大公司減少他們的塑料足跡。
【答案自查】
1.C細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. (他 用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，讓觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產品的關系。)”可知， Von Wong 建造雕塑的目的是引起觀眾對塑料垃圾的重視。故選C。
2.A推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.（全球只 有 9% 的塑料垃圾被回收。)”和第三段最后一句“Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.（一旦飲料消失了,吸管也要幾個世紀才能消失。)”可知,作者 在第三段討論塑料吸管的原因是為了表明塑料吸管回收利用的困難。故選A。
3.B推理判斷題。根據第四段第二句“For this work,titled‘Truckload of Plastic,’Von Wong and a group of volunters collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(傾倒)from a truck all at once."可知, 該藝術品是為了突出塑料污染的嚴重性，會令人不安。故選B。
4.D標題歸納題。根據文章內容可知,藝術家Von Wong 通過收集塑料管做成雕塑，警示 人們塑料對海洋生態環境帶來的巨大沖擊，因此短文的標題應該突出海洋生態和塑料的關 系，故選 D。
D
(2024·浙江1月卷）
On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm (霍暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about 2$ million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area,has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically,the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail," Mr. Stienwand says,“but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan."
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing drought," Dr. Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground. "
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes (龍卷風） form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas," Dr. Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on."
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests,“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding." In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
1. What does the project aim to do?
A.Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2. Who are opposed to the project?
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies. C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
3.Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
閱讀參考
語篇導讀
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了1991年9月7日，加拿大歷史上損失最大的冰霓襲擊了卡爾加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以來，一些保險公司每年在艾伯塔省冰電抑制項目上花費約200萬美元。飛機在有威脅的風暴中心中播撒一種化學物質，使小冰晶在變成危險的冰電之前像雨一樣落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中東部，也就是“冰電計劃”飛行的下風處的農民們，擔心寶貴的水分正被人工增雨從他們干渴的土地上偷走。
■譯文助讀
1991年9月7日，加拿大歷史上損失最嚴重的冰電風暴襲擊了卡爾加里的南部郊區。結果，自1996年以來，一些保險公司每年大約花費200萬美元用于艾伯塔冰電抑制項目。飛機在有威脅性的風暴中心播撒一種化學物質，使小冰晶在變成危險的冰電之前就以雨的形式落下。但是，艾伯塔省中東部，也就是“冰電計劃”飛行的下風處的農民們，擔心人工增雨會把本該落在他們干旱土地上的寶貴水分搶走。
在該地區種地的諾曼·斯坦瓦德多年來一直在公共會議上就此問題發表演講。“基本上，省政府是在讓保險公司保護卡爾加里-埃德蒙頓城市地區免受冰電的，”斯坦瓦德說，“但他們把干旱的風險增加到了遠在東方的薩斯喀徹溫省。”
艾伯塔冰電項目由特里·克勞斯管理，這位云物理學家供職于總部位于北達科他州法戈的天氣改造公司。“事實上，我們只影響空氣中總水分的一小部分，所以我們不可能引發干旱，”克拉烏斯博士說。“我們可能會通過創造濕潤的土地來增加下風處的水分。”
關于人工增雨的安全性，一個持懷疑態度的人是剛剛從俄克拉何馬大學退休的研究科學家查克·多斯韋爾。“1999年，我親眼看到在堪薩斯州，一個經過人工增雨的風暴云團引發了強烈的龍卷風，”多斯韋爾博士說。“人工增雨會引發致命的風暴，還是會減少下風處的水分？當然沒有人真正知道，但人工增雨仍在繼續。”
鑒于這種懷疑，斯坦瓦德建議，停止人工增雨才是明智之舉。”實際上，懷疑起到了相反的作用。由于缺乏關于人工增雨影響的科學證據，沒有人能夠成功地對人工增雨公司提起訴訟。所以,私人氣候工程可以在相對合法的安全環境中繼續進行。
【答案自查】
1.B細節理解題。根據第一段中“As a result,since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about 2$ million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知,這個項目的目標是防止冰電的形成。故選B。 2.A細節理解題。根據第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta —downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知,艾伯塔省中東部的農民反對這個項目。故選A。 3.C推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段可推知，多斯韋爾博士提到他在1999 年看到的龍卷風 是為了提示人工增雨可能帶來的危險。故選C。 4.D推理判斷題。根據最后一段可推知,人工增雨公司將繼續存在。故選D。
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